foios

Forms

foios m or n (feminine singular foioasă, masculine plural foioși, feminine/neuter plural foioase)^[1]

Etymology

It is formed from Romanian foaie + -os.^[2][3][4][5] The neuter noun naming the third stomach of ruminants follows French feuillet, which DEX and MDA2 name; the DLRM, DILF and Wikționar give the model as feuillette.^{[2][3][6][7][8]} The French word is a diminutive of feuil.^[9] Candrea and Densusianu and Cihac derived the adjective instead from Latin foliōsus (“leafy”), and Wiktionary allows both.^[10][11][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin dates the first record to 1703.^[4] MDA2's first record is the Povățuire cătră Economia de câmp, a farming handbook for the Romanian schools of Hungary, where some vegetables are described as having edible leaves.^[3]

Semantic evolution

In the older language the adjective meant “leafy”: Șincai divides vegetables into those with stalks and the foioase.^[4][3] The CADE also records the sense “made of many layers”, as of rock.^[12] In modern use it is the botanical term for broad-leaved, deciduous trees, and the feminine plural foioase names such trees as a class.^[2][13] The noun for the omasum is an anatomical term on the French model.^[2][5]

Timeline

• 1703 – the first record.^[4]
• 1825 – foiosu “leafy” in the Lexicon de la Buda.^[14]
• 1939 – Scriban records the anatomical noun.^[5]

Meanings

Adjective

1. (of trees) Having broad leaves that fall in autumn, belonging to the angiosperms; deciduous.^[2][3]
2. (dated, of vegetables) leafy, having edible leaves.^[3][4][1]

Noun

1. (in the feminine plural foioase) Broad-leaved trees and shrubs as a group.^[2][3]
2. (anatomy, neuter) The omasum, the third of the four chambers of a ruminant's stomach, where food passes after the second chewing.^[2][6][1]

Related words

• foaie
• frunzos

Usage notes

The DLRM, the DLRLC and NODEX number the noun and the adjective as separate headwords (foios¹ the omasum, foios² “broad-leaved”); DEX 2009 treats them in one entry.^{[6][13][15][2]}

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1, 404
3. ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 925
4. ^ a b c d e Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. foios
5. ^ a b c Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1, 519
6. ^ a b c Academia Republicii Populare Romîne (1958), Dicționarul limbii romîne moderne, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. s.v. foios
7. ^ Costăchescu, Adriana; Dincă, Daniela; Dragoste, Ramona; Popescu, Mihaela; Scurtu, Gabriela (2009–2010), Dicționar de împrumuturi lexicale din limba franceză (DILF), 2 vols., Craiova: Universitaria, p. s.v. foios
8. ^ Wikționar (Romanian Wiktionary), ro.wiktionary.org
9. ^ Trésor de la langue française informatisé (2004), ATILF – CNRS & Université de Lorraine, atilf.fr/tlfi; electronic version of Imbs, Paul; Quemada, Bernard, eds. (1971–1994), Trésor de la langue française, Paris: CNRS / Gallimard, p. s.v. feuillet
10. ^ Candrea, I.-A.; Densusianu, Ov. (1907–1914), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române: elementele latine (A–Putea), București, p. s.v. foios
11. ^ Cihac, A. de (1870), Dictionnaire d'étymologie daco-romane I: Éléments latins comparés avec les autres langues romanes, Frankfurt am Main, p. 96
12. ^ Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească, p. s.v. foios
13. ^ a b Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 2, 312
14. ^ Lesicon românescu-latinescu-ungurescu-nemțescu quare de mai mulți autori, în cursul a trideci și mai multor ani s-au lucrat (1825), Buda: Typographia Universității (the Lexicon of Buda, ed. Petru Maior et al.), p. 222
15. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. foios