călătorie

Forms

călătorie f (plural călătorii)^[1]

Etymology

It is formed from Romanian călători + -ie, the verb “to travel” with the abstract suffix.^[2][3][4][1] The DA and the DLRM derive it from călător “traveller” instead, and DELR allows either.^[5][6][7]

That verb is itself formed on the noun for “traveller”, recorded from 1561 (Tiktin: 1563).^[7][8] Most dictionaries take the noun from cale “way, road”, which is callis (“rough track, path”), comparing Albanian udhëtar (“traveller”) from udhë (“road”) and viātor from via.^[7][9] Tiktin saw in it the agent noun of a lost verb ⟨*căla⟩, from Vulgar Latin *callō, like Italian camminare and French cheminer beside their words for “road”.^[8][7] Ciorănescu finds the derivation from the noun difficult, since the suffix -tor is normally added to verbs, and suggests a Latin verb formed on caballus (“horse”), Vulgar Latin *caballō or *caballitō, so that the word first meant someone going on horseback; he calls the origin uncertain.^[9]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is in Varlaam's Cazania of 1643, in the figure călătoria ce-au călătorit “the journey he journeyed”.^[5][2][10] The Slavonic–Romanian lexicons of the 1660s and later gloss Old Church Slavonic шествие (šestvie) with it.^[11]

Semantic evolution

The meaning has stayed “journey, travel”, the act of travelling and the way travelled; the Bucharest Bible of 1688 already uses it often.^[5][12] A figurative sense “life” occurs in 19th-century moral writing.^[5] The DA recommends it as the native word against the Gallicism voiaj.^[5] The wish călătorie bună! is “have a good journey”, and the joking călătorie sprâncenată! shows that no one is sorry to see the traveller go, as in Creangă.^[5][13] CADE adds the sense “a travel account”.^[14] In drug slang it is a “trip”.^[15]

Timeline

• 1561 – călător “traveller”.^[7]
• 1639 – the verb călători.^[7]
• 1643 – călătorie in Varlaam's Cazania, the first record.^[5][2]
• c. 1660 – in the Slavonic–Romanian lexicons.^[11]
• 1688 – frequent in the Bucharest Bible.^[12]
• 1801 – Klein's dictionary glosses it with Latin itineratio.^[16]
• 1822 – the adjective călătoresc.^[7]

Meanings

Noun

1. A journey, trip: the act of travelling, and the way someone travels to a distant place: o călătorie pe mare “a sea voyage”.^[3][2]
2. In the ironic phrase călătorie sprâncenată!, a wish showing indifference to someone's departure.^[3][2]
3. (slang) A drug-induced state of euphoria.^[15]

Related words

• călător
• cale
• Latin callis

References

1. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 319
3. ^ a b c DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 156
4. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. călătorie
5. ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. călătorie
6. ^ Academia Republicii Populare Romîne (1958), Dicționarul limbii romîne moderne, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 1, 124
7. ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. cale
8. ^ a b Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. călător
9. ^ a b Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. călător
10. ^ Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. călătorie
11. ^ a b Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. călătorie
12. ^ a b Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. Ioan 4:6
13. ^ Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 1, 357
14. ^ Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească, p. s.v. călătorie
15. ^ a b Volceanov, George (2007), Dicționar de argou al limbii române, București: Niculescu, p. s.v. călătorie
16. ^ Gáldi, László (ed.) (1944), Samuel Klein: Dictionarium valachico-latinum. Primul dicționar al limbii române, Budapest: Királyi Magyar Pázmány Péter Tudományegyetemi Román Intézet (Klein's dictionary of 1801, with Gáldi's etymological study), p. 323