Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Romanian word bacșiș

Confidence
Established
Formation
Borrowing
First attested
c. 1675 Miron Costin's chronicle of Moldavia More words from the 17th century
Borrowed from
Ottoman Turkish بخشش
Ultimate origin
Persian بخشش

Forms

bacșiș n (plural bacșișuri)[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Ottoman Turkish بخشش (bahşiş, “gift; tip”), a word of the Ottoman period.[2][3][4][5][1] DELR notes older and dialectal Turkish pronunciations with ⟨k⟩, which Scriban and Șăineanu give as the popular form.[3][6][7] The Turkish word comes from Persian بخشش (baxšeš, “gift, reward”), a derivative of the Persian verb meaning “to give”.[3][8][1]

The word also lives south of the Danube: Aromanian băhcișe and Megleno-Romanian băcșiș.[2][9][10][11] From the same Turkish source come Modern Greek μπαξίσι (baksísi) and Bulgarian бакшиш (bakšiš), and the word spread to German Bakschisch and French bakchich.[2][12][13]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is in Miron Costin's chronicle of Moldavia: whoever brought the head of a Cossack was to receive fifty gold ducats as bacșiș, „care va aduce cap de cozac să ieie câte 50 galbeni de aur bacșiș”.[14][15] Tiktin dates the passage 1675, DELR about 1700.[14][3] In this and other old texts the word means a reward from the Ottoman side, above all for military service.[15][4]

Semantic evolution

Șăineanu describes the Ottoman custom behind the word: money handed out to the janissaries and spahis when a new sultan came to the throne, and rewards for a feat of arms.[16] DA notes that the word entered Romanian early and became popular even beyond the Carpathians.[15] Ion Neculce's chronicle already has bacșișuri for generous gifts of money.[15]

The sense then narrowed to the small sum given to servants, coachmen, waiters or postmen for a service already paid for, the modern “tip”.[15][4] Given to officials, a bacșiș is a bribe, close to ciubuc and șpagă.[4][15] In folk custom it is the gift a bridegroom gives the bride's kin, and in Moldova a wedding present.[15][17] Recent slang uses it for protection money.[18]

Romanian derived the verb bacșișui “to tip; to bribe”, recorded from 1888, and the noun bacșișar “a person easily bribed”.[3][2]

Timeline

  • c. 1675 – bacșiș “reward” in Miron Costin's chronicle.[14][15]
  • 18th century – bacșișuri in Ion Neculce's chronicle.[15]
  • 1870 – “a small money reward for a service” in Costinescu.[19]
  • 1888 – bacșișui “to bribe”.[3]

Meanings

Noun

  1. A tip: money given above the price due, for a personal service.[5][4]
  2. Money given to an official for an illegal service; a bribe.[4][20]
  3. (dated) A reward, especially for military service.[4][15]
  4. (regional) A wedding present.[17]

Word family

  • bacșișui
  • bacșișar
  • Aromanian băhcișe

Usage notes

The plural is bacșișuri;[4] MDA2 also records bacșișe.[4]

References

  1. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. bacșiș
  3. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. bacșiș
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 155
  5. ^ a b DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 85
  6. ^ Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 144
  7. ^ Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 1, 48
  8. ^ Nişanyan, Sevan, Nişanyan Sözlük: Çağdaş Türkçenin Etimolojisi (online edition)
  9. ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 196
  10. ^ Saramandu, Nicolae (coord.) et al. (2010–), Dicționarul dialectului meglenoromân, general și etimologic, fascicles in Fonetică și dialectologie XXIX–, p. 56
  11. ^ Capidan, Theodor (1935), Meglenoromânii III: Dicționar meglenoromân, București: Academia Română, p. 31
  12. ^ Georgiev, Vladimir I. et al. (eds.) (1971–), Bălgarski etimologičen rečnik, Sofija: Izdatelstvo na Bălgarskata akademija na naukite, p. 1, 28
  13. ^ Ινστιτούτο Νεοελληνικών Σπουδών (Ίδρυμα Μανόλη Τριανταφυλλίδη) (1998), Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής, Thessaloniki: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
  14. ^ a b c Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. bacșiș
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. bacșiș
  16. ^ Șăineanu, Lazăr (1900), Influența orientală asupra limbei și culturei române, vol. I: Introducerea; vol. II.1: Vorbele populare; vol. II.2: Vorbele istorice, literare, Indice, București: Socec, p. II.1, 33
  17. ^ a b Stati, Vasile (2003), Dicționar moldovenesc-românesc, Chișinău
  18. ^ Volceanov, George (2007), Dicționar de argou al limbii române, București: Niculescu, p. s.v. bacșiș
  19. ^ Costinescu, Ion (1870), Vocabularu romano-francesu, 2 vols., Bucuresci, p. 1, 91
  20. ^ Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 1, 185

Related etymologies

  • naiba · also from Ottoman Turkish
  • hai · also from Ottoman Turkish
  • haide · also from Ottoman Turkish
  • rahat · also from Ottoman Turkish
  • cafea · also from Ottoman Turkish
  • cutie · also from Ottoman Turkish
  • puști · also from Ottoman Turkish
  • cauc · also from Ottoman Turkish
Cite this entry

“Bacșiș.” Etymologically, 12 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/bac%C8%99i%C8%99. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.

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