Etymology and origin of the Romanian word bătălie
- Confidence
- Disputed
- Formation
- Borrowing
- First attested
- 1705 Cantemir More words from the 18th century
- Borrowed from
- Modern Greek μπατάλια
- Ultimate origin
- Latin battuō
Forms
bătălie f (plural bătălii)[1] DELR's first record has the spelling bataliie.[2] An old variant bătărie meant “siege”: Șincai has it in 1812, with the ending of bătălie replaced.[2][3]
Etymology
It is borrowed from Modern Greek μπατάλια (batália, “battle”), itself from Italian, according to DEX 2009, NODEX, the DLRM, Scriban and Wiktionary; the DA thinks Italian through Greek probable.[4][5][6][7][1][8] DELR gives the Greek word, Polish batalia and Italian battaglia together, and MDA2 gives the Italian word alone.[2][3] Ciorănescu prefers Italian through Serbo-Croatian batalija, and thinks Greek less likely; Șăineanu also pointed to the Serbian form.[9][10] Tiktin names Italian, Greek and French bataille, with a learned Romanian adaptation of the word, which the DA sees in its stress.[11][8]
The Italian word is from Late Latin battālia, a variant of battuālia (“fighting exercises of soldiers and gladiators”), from battuō (“to beat”).[12][13][14] Romanian also inherited the Latin word as bătaie “beating”, which makes it an etymological doublet of the borrowed word.[15][1][14] Bulgarian баталия (batalija, “war”), recorded in 1804, came the same way, through Serbo-Croatian from Italian.[16]
Earliest recorded meaning
Tiktin dates the first record to 1705, in a work of Cantemir, and DELR to 1715, with the spelling bataliie in the chronicle attributed to Pseudo-Costin; both use it of a battle between armies.[11][2] Ianache Văcărescu's history of the Ottoman emperors, MDA2's first record, has „Se făcu o sângeroasă bătălie, întru care pieri sultan Gavri” “a bloody battle was fought, in which Sultan Gavri perished”.[3][8]
Semantic evolution
The word took over from bătaie the sense “battle between armies”, and the two became distinct in meaning.[10] In the Alexandria of 1781 the pygmies fight a yearly battle with the cranes, „bătăliia odată cu cocoarele”.[8] The Lexicon de la Buda of 1825 glosses it with Latin pugna, proelium, German Schlacht and Italian battaglia.[17] Barcianu in 1886 has câmp de bătălie “battlefield”.[18] The figurative sense, a joint effort to carry out an important and urgent task, appears in the DLRLC and the DLRM.[19][6][4]
Timeline
- 1705 – first record, in Cantemir.[11]
- 1715 – bataliie in the chronicle of Pseudo-Costin.[2]
- 1781 – bătăliia in the Alexandria.[8]
- 1812 – the variant bătărie “siege” in Șincai.[2]
- 1825 – in the Lexicon de la Buda.[17]
- 1886 – câmp de bătălie “battlefield” in Barcianu.[18]
Meanings
Noun
- A battle: a fight between armies or armed groups.[4][3][1]
- (figurative) A joint effort to achieve something important and urgent: bătălia pentru recoltă “the battle for the harvest”.[4][3]
Word family
- bătărie
Related words
Usage notes
Câmp de bătălie (or câmpul bătăliei) is “battlefield”.[18][8]
References
- ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. bătălie
- ^ a b c d e Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 187
- ^ a b c d DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 96
- ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. bătălie
- ^ a b Academia Republicii Populare Romîne (1958), Dicționarul limbii romîne moderne, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 1, 74
- ^ Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 160
- ^ a b c d e f Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. bătălie
- ^ Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. bătălie
- ^ a b Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 1, 57
- ^ a b c Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. bătălie
- ^ Nocentini, Alberto; Parenti, Alessandro (2010), l'Etimologico: vocabolario della lingua italiana, Firenze: Le Monnier
- ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ^ a b Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 995
- ^ Gabinschi, Marcu (2001), Dicționar de dublete etimologice ale limbii române, 2nd ed., Chișinău: Litera, p. 68
- ^ Georgiev, Vladimir I. et al. (eds.) (1971–), Bălgarski etimologičen rečnik, Sofija: Izdatelstvo na Bălgarskata akademija na naukite
- ^ a b Lesicon românescu-latinescu-ungurescu-nemțescu quare de mai mulți autori, în cursul a trideci și mai multor ani s-au lucrat (1825), Buda: Typographia Universității (the Lexicon of Buda, ed. Petru Maior et al.), p. 49
- ^ a b c Barcianu, Sava Popovici (1886), Dicționar român-germân și germân-român, revised by D. P. Barcianu, part I: român-germân, Sibiu: Institut tipografic, p. 54
- ^ Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 1, 221
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Bătălie.” Etymologically, 12 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/b%C4%83t%C4%83lie. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.
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