Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Romanian word bătălie

Confidence
Disputed
Formation
Borrowing
First attested
1705 Cantemir More words from the 18th century
Borrowed from
Modern Greek μπατάλια
Ultimate origin
Latin battuō

Forms

bătălie f (plural bătălii)[1] DELR's first record has the spelling bataliie.[2] An old variant bătărie meant “siege”: Șincai has it in 1812, with the ending of bătălie replaced.[2][3]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Modern Greek μπατάλια (batália, “battle”), itself from Italian, according to DEX 2009, NODEX, the DLRM, Scriban and Wiktionary; the DA thinks Italian through Greek probable.[4][5][6][7][1][8] DELR gives the Greek word, Polish batalia and Italian battaglia together, and MDA2 gives the Italian word alone.[2][3] Ciorănescu prefers Italian through Serbo-Croatian batalija, and thinks Greek less likely; Șăineanu also pointed to the Serbian form.[9][10] Tiktin names Italian, Greek and French bataille, with a learned Romanian adaptation of the word, which the DA sees in its stress.[11][8]

The Italian word is from Late Latin battālia, a variant of battuālia (“fighting exercises of soldiers and gladiators”), from battuō (“to beat”).[12][13][14] Romanian also inherited the Latin word as bătaie “beating”, which makes it an etymological doublet of the borrowed word.[15][1][14] Bulgarian баталия (batalija, “war”), recorded in 1804, came the same way, through Serbo-Croatian from Italian.[16]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin dates the first record to 1705, in a work of Cantemir, and DELR to 1715, with the spelling bataliie in the chronicle attributed to Pseudo-Costin; both use it of a battle between armies.[11][2] Ianache Văcărescu's history of the Ottoman emperors, MDA2's first record, has „Se făcu o sângeroasă bătălie, întru care pieri sultan Gavri” “a bloody battle was fought, in which Sultan Gavri perished”.[3][8]

Semantic evolution

The word took over from bătaie the sense “battle between armies”, and the two became distinct in meaning.[10] In the Alexandria of 1781 the pygmies fight a yearly battle with the cranes, „bătăliia odată cu cocoarele”.[8] The Lexicon de la Buda of 1825 glosses it with Latin pugna, proelium, German Schlacht and Italian battaglia.[17] Barcianu in 1886 has câmp de bătălie “battlefield”.[18] The figurative sense, a joint effort to carry out an important and urgent task, appears in the DLRLC and the DLRM.[19][6][4]

Timeline

  • 1705 – first record, in Cantemir.[11]
  • 1715 – bataliie in the chronicle of Pseudo-Costin.[2]
  • 1781 – bătăliia in the Alexandria.[8]
  • 1812 – the variant bătărie “siege” in Șincai.[2]
  • 1825 – in the Lexicon de la Buda.[17]
  • 1886 – câmp de bătălie “battlefield” in Barcianu.[18]

Meanings

Noun

  1. A battle: a fight between armies or armed groups.[4][3][1]
  2. (figurative) A joint effort to achieve something important and urgent: bătălia pentru recoltă “the battle for the harvest”.[4][3]

Word family

  • bătărie

Usage notes

Câmp de bătălie (or câmpul bătăliei) is “battlefield”.[18][8]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. bătălie
  3. ^ a b c d e Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 187
  4. ^ a b c d DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 96
  5. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. bătălie
  6. ^ a b Academia Republicii Populare Romîne (1958), Dicționarul limbii romîne moderne, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 1, 74
  7. ^ Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 160
  8. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. bătălie
  9. ^ Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. bătălie
  10. ^ a b Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 1, 57
  11. ^ a b c Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. bătălie
  12. ^ Nocentini, Alberto; Parenti, Alessandro (2010), l'Etimologico: vocabolario della lingua italiana, Firenze: Le Monnier
  13. ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  14. ^ a b Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 995
  15. ^ Gabinschi, Marcu (2001), Dicționar de dublete etimologice ale limbii române, 2nd ed., Chișinău: Litera, p. 68
  16. ^ Georgiev, Vladimir I. et al. (eds.) (1971–), Bălgarski etimologičen rečnik, Sofija: Izdatelstvo na Bălgarskata akademija na naukite
  17. ^ a b Lesicon românescu-latinescu-ungurescu-nemțescu quare de mai mulți autori, în cursul a trideci și mai multor ani s-au lucrat (1825), Buda: Typographia Universității (the Lexicon of Buda, ed. Petru Maior et al.), p. 49
  18. ^ a b c Barcianu, Sava Popovici (1886), Dicționar român-germân și germân-român, revised by D. P. Barcianu, part I: român-germân, Sibiu: Institut tipografic, p. 54
  19. ^ Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 1, 221

Related etymologies

Cite this entry

“Bătălie.” Etymologically, 12 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/b%C4%83t%C4%83lie. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.

Last edited on . ·