avansa

Forms

avansa (third-person singular present avansează, past participle avansat), 1st conjugation^[1] The first records have other forms: avanțerui in 1805, Transylvanian avanjelui and avangirui, Wallachian avansarisi and avanța; the form avansa is recorded from 1857.^[2]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French avancer (“to advance”), as DELR, DEX, Tiktin and the neologism dictionaries agree.^{[2][3][4][5][6]} The French verb comes from Vulgar Latin *abanteō, formed on Late Latin ab ante (“in front”), from ab and ante.^[2][1][7]

The early variants had other models: DELR takes the variant ⟨avanțerui⟩ from German avancieren, derives ⟨avanța⟩ possibly also from Italian avanzare, and explains ⟨avangirui⟩ by the influence of girui “to endorse”.^[2]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is the variant avanțerui, of 1805, in a document published by Iorga.^[2][4] The form avansa appears in 1857 in the Jurnal de agricultură.^[2]

Semantic evolution

DELR gives three senses for the early records: to move forward towards a goal, to promote someone to a rank or post, and to pay a sum in advance.^[2] Tiktin has the money sense “to lend in advance” and the intransitive “to be promoted”.^[4] The noun avans “advance payment”, from French avance, is recorded from 1844.^[2] CADE adds “to help someone” and “to put forward a statement”.^[8] Today the verb means to advance or progress, to promote, and to pay in advance, and also to put forward an idea.^[3][6]

Timeline

• 1805 – the variant avanțerui, the first record.^[2][4]
• 1844 – the noun avans “advance payment”.^[2]
• 1857 – the form avansa in the Jurnal de agricultură.^[2]
• 1875 – avansà in Antonescu's dictionary.^[9]

Meanings

Verb

1. (intransitive) To advance, to move forward towards a goal; to progress: Lucrările la pod avansează greu.^[3][6]
2. (transitive and intransitive) To promote or be promoted to a higher rank or post: A fost avansat la gradul de căpitan.^[3][6]
3. (transitive) To pay a sum of money or hand over goods in advance.^[3][6]
4. (transitive) To put forward an idea or a statement.^[6][5]

Word family

• avans
• avansare
• avansat

Related words

• French avancer

References

1. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. avansa
3. ^ a b c d e DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 80
4. ^ a b c d Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. avansa
5. ^ a b Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. avansa
6. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 144
7. ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
8. ^ Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească, p. s.v. avansa
9. ^ Antonescu, G. M. (1875), Dictionariu romanu-francesu, Bucuresci: Typografia Curții (Lucrători Associați), p. 22