arteră

Forms

arteră f (plural artere)^[1] Older variants are artérie, artiríe and the rare artíră.^[2] The DA notes that artérie, taken from Latin, was the form of the Romanians of Austria-Hungary.^[3]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French artère.^[2][4][5][1] Tiktin and Scriban give the Latin and Greek word beside the French word.^[6][7] DELR derives the older variant ⟨artérie⟩ from the learned Latin word and German Arterie, possibly also Italian arteria and Russian, after Ursu, and the variant ⟨artiríe⟩ from Modern Greek αρτηρία (artiría).^[2]

The French word comes from Latin artēria, borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀρτηρία (artēría, “windpipe; artery”).^[2][1][8] The Greek noun probably derives from ἀείρω (aeírō, “to bind, hang up”), like ἀορτή (aortḗ).^[9][10]

Earliest recorded meaning

DELR's first record is the variant artiríe in a medical text of 1760–1770.^[2] Tiktin dates arteră to about 1780.^[6] MDA2's first record, from Ion Ionescu's book on the agriculture of Mehedinți (1868), is already figurative: „această arteriă de comunicațiune generală” “this artery of general communication”.^[11][3]

Semantic evolution

In Greek and Latin the word meant both the windpipe and an artery.^[12][9] Negulici's dictionary of 1848 defines the blood vessel that carries blood from the heart towards the extremities and adds the airway as a second sense.^[13] Romanian kept the blood vessel, with the set phrases artera aortă and artera pulmonară.^[3][11]

The figurative “main route of communication” is recorded from 1868, and the CADE gives the boulevards as the main arteries of a city.^[11][14] The technical senses “main water pipe” and “main power line” appear in the dictionaries from the DLRM of 1958 on.^[15][4] The medical derivatives came from French in the 19th century: arterios in 1830, arterial and arteriolă in 1840.^[2]

Timeline

• 1760–1770 – the variant artiríe in a medical text, the first record.^[2]
• c. 1780 – Tiktin's first record of arteră.^[6]
• 1830 – arterios “arterial”.^[2]
• 1840 – arterial, arteriolă and arteriologie in a medical translation.^[2]
• 1848 – Negulici's dictionary of neologisms.^[13]
• 1868 – “main route of communication” in Ion Ionescu.^[11][3]
• 1958 – “main water pipe” and “main power line” in the DLRM.^[15]

Meanings

Noun

1. An artery: a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the organs and tissues;^[4][11] artera aortă, artera pulmonară.^[4][11]
2. An important route of communication and transport;^[4] Bulevardul este principala arteră a orașului.^[4]
3. A main water pipe carrying water to where it is used.^[4][5]
4. A main power line carrying electricity to where it is used.^[4][5]

Word family

• arterial
• arteriografie
• arteriolă
• arteriologie
• arterioscleroză
• arterită

Related words

• aortă

References

1. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. arteră
3. ^ a b c d Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. arteră
4. ^ a b c d e f g h DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 64
5. ^ a b c Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. arteră
6. ^ a b c Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. arteră
7. ^ Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 125
8. ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
9. ^ a b Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), Etymological Dictionary of Greek, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 10, Leiden; Boston: Brill
10. ^ Babiniotis, Georgios (2010), Ετυμολογικό λεξικό της νέας ελληνικής γλώσσας [Etymological Dictionary of Modern Greek], Athens: Κέντρο Λεξικολογίας, p. 218
11. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 103
12. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
13. ^ a b Negulici, I. D. (1848), Vocabular romînesc de toate vorbele streine întroduse pînă acum în limba romînească și de toate cuvintele ce s-ar mai putea introduce încă, București, p. s.v. arteră
14. ^ Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească, p. s.v. arteră
15. ^ a b Academia Republicii Populare Romîne (1958), Dicționarul limbii romîne moderne, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 1, 45