arină

Forms

arină f (plural arine)^[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin arēna (“sand”).^{[2][3][4][5][6][1]} It survives south of the Danube: Aromanian arinã and Megleno-Romanian arină.^[2][3][7] Its Romance cognates include Italian rena, Sicilian rina, Old French areine, Occitan arena, Spanish arena and Portuguese areia.^[3][1] The Latin word was borrowed again in modern times as arenă “arena”, a doublet.^[8][1] Megleno-Romanian has the adjective arinos (“sandy”), which Pușcariu took from arēnōsus.^[3]

Earliest recorded meaning

DELR's first record is the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki of the early 16th century.^[2] In the Codicele Voronețean (about 1563–1583) the form ariră means “shore”, of the coast the sailors sighted.^[8][4] The Psaltirea Scheiană uses it in Psalm 77, where Coresi's psalter always has nisip “sand” instead.^[8][9]

Semantic evolution

Already in the 16th century nisip was the usual word in Coresi's prints, and arină became an archaism of the literary language.^[8] Dosoftei still wrote „o mulțime de cuconi, ca arina mării de mulți” “a multitude of children, as many as the sand of the sea”.^[8][10] The 17th-century Slavonic–Romanian lexicons gloss Slavonic пѣсокъ “sand” with it.^[11]

It lived on in the dialects, in the Apuseni Mountains and along the Dniester, with the variants anină and, with rhotacism, ariră.^[2][12] In the valley of the Arieș it means the fine sand of the rivers, where gold was panned; in the Solnoc-Dobâca area, sand mixed with stones.^[8][4]

Timeline

• c. 1500–1520 – in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki, the first record.^[2]
• c. 1563–1583 – ariră “shore” in the Codicele Voronețean.^[4][8]
• c. 1573–1578 – arina in the Psaltirea Scheiană.^[9]
• 1664 – in a Slavonic–Romanian lexicon.^[11]
• 1668–1670 – the adjective arinos “sandy”.^[2]
• 1825 – the verb arina “to strew or scour with sand” in the Lexicon of Buda.^[2]
• 1848 – ariniș “sandy place” in Negruzzi.^[2]
• 1900 – arinariță, the plant thyme-leaved sandwort.^[2]

Meanings

Noun

1. (obsolete, regional) sand.^[4][13]
2. (Transylvania) The fine sand of rivers.^[4][8]
3. (regional) Sand mixed with stones.^[4]
4. (obsolete) A beach, a shore.^[4][8]

Word family

• arina
• arinariță
• ariniș
• arinos

Related words

• arenă
• Aromanian arinã

Usage notes

A separate arină, from arin “alder”, means the cone-like fruit of the alder and, regionally, young growth or a coppice; it is recorded from 1882.^[14][12][4]

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. arină
3. ^ a b c d Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. arină
4. ^ a b c d e f g h i Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 98
5. ^ Pușcariu, Sextil (1905), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der rumänischen Sprache I: Lateinisches Element, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, p. 120
6. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 630
7. ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 141
8. ^ a b c d e f g h i Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. arină
9. ^ a b Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 77:31
10. ^ Costinescu, Mariana; Georgescu, Magdalena; Zgraon, Florentina (1987), Dicționarul limbii române literare vechi (1640–1780): termeni regionali, București: Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică, p. 1, 55
11. ^ a b Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. arină
12. ^ a b Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. arínă
13. ^ Academia Republicii Populare Romîne (1958), Dicționarul limbii romîne moderne, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 1, 42
14. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. arin