aplauda

Forms

aplauda (first-person singular present aplaud, third-person singular present aplaudă, past participle aplaudat) 1st conjugation^[1][2] The present aplaudez occurs rarely.^[3][4] DELR records the old, rare variants aplaude, aplaudi and aploda.^[5]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French applaudir, and DEX and MDA2 name Latin applaudere as a second source, one of the words with several sources.^[2][3][6] DELR names Italian applaudire beside French, and Tiktin gives only the Italian verb.^[5][7] The MDN takes it from Latin after the French model, and the DA calls it a neologism from French.^[8][4] The variant aplaude comes straight from Latin.^[5]

The Latin verb meant first “to strike” and is formed from Latin ad- + plaudō (“to strike, clap the hands”).^[5][9][1] French borrowed it from Latin in 1375.^[10] Graur lists it with other neologisms from the family of plaudō: plauzibil and exploda.^[11]

Earliest recorded meaning

DELR's first record is in a manuscript of I. Golescu, c. 1832, with the sense “to clap in approval or admiration”.^[5] Tiktin dates it to 1836, in a poem of Heliade.^[7] MDA2 cites Grigore Alexandrescu's collection of 1863: „Auzitorii așa mult au aplaudat, / Cât dulapurile toate în arhivă s-au mișcat” “the listeners applauded so much that all the cupboards in the archive shook”.^[3][12]

Semantic evolution

The figurative sense, approving loudly of someone or something in words or signs, is in Eminescu.^[4] The family grew around it: aplauz “applause”, borrowed from Italian applauso and recorded in 1821, even before the verb, aplaudator (1840) and the ironic aplaudac (1991), a person who applauds out of interest or duty, especially in politics, or a paid extra on television.^[5]

Timeline

• 1821 – the noun aplauz “applause”, in L. Asachi.^[5]
• c. 1832 – first record of the verb, in I. Golescu.^[5]
• 1836 – in Heliade.^[7]
• 1840 – aplaudator “one who applauds”.^[5]
• 1863 – in Grigore Alexandrescu's poems.^[3]
• 1870 – applauda in Costinescu's dictionary.^[13]
• 1991 – aplaudac, the paid or dutiful applauder.^[5]

Meanings

Verb

1. (intransitive) To clap one's hands in approval, admiration or thanks.^[2][14]
2. (transitive) To show one's approval or admiration of someone or something with applause;^[2][3] (figurative) to approve warmly: Toți au aplaudat propunerea.^[2][3]

Word family

• aplaudac
• aplaudator

Related words

• aplauz
• exploda
• plauzibil
• Latin applaudō

References

1. ^ a b Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 54
3. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 80
4. ^ a b c Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. aplauda
5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. aplauda
6. ^ Costăchescu, Adriana; Dincă, Daniela; Dragoste, Ramona; Popescu, Mihaela; Scurtu, Gabriela (2009–2010), Dicționar de împrumuturi lexicale din limba franceză (DILF), 2 vols., Craiova: Universitaria
7. ^ a b c Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. aplauda
8. ^ Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual
9. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
10. ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
11. ^ Graur, Alexandru (1980), Cuvinte înrudite, București: Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică
12. ^ Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne
13. ^ Costinescu, Ion (1870), Vocabularu romano-francesu, 2 vols., Bucuresci
14. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional