aparent

Forms

aparent m or n (feminine singular aparentă, masculine plural aparenți, feminine/neuter plural aparente)^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French apparent, one of the French loans that joined the family of apărea in the 19th century.^[2][3][4][1] DEX, DN and MDN name Latin appārēns beside the French word, a case of the multiple etymology usual for Romanian neologisms.^[3][5][6] The Latin form is the present participle of appāreō (“to appear”).^[7] The French word goes back to Old French aparent, itself taken from the Latin.^[1]

DELR records it together with aparență and apariție, all three first found in the same work of 1840 and all borrowed from French.^[2]

Earliest recorded meaning

DELR's first record is in Ion Heliade-Rădulescu's Paralelism of 1840, where aparență and apariție also appear.^[2] Tiktin dates it to 1845.^[8] In 1848 Negulici's dictionary of neologisms glossed it as “visible, evident”, under the transitional spelling aппarent.^[9]

Semantic evolution

The word came with both senses of the French: “visible, manifest” and “seeming, not what it looks like”.^[2][10] Negulici gave only the first, and the Academy dictionary (DA) still put it first, with the legal phrase servitute aparentă, an easement shown by visible works such as doors and windows.^[9][7] The sense “seeming” is in a cosmography of 1895 that speaks of the apparent diameter of the sun.^[7][4] Today “seeming” is the main sense, and DEX labels “clearly visible” a Gallicism.^[3] The adverb, “apparently”, is recorded by DELR with the further sense “possibly, on the evidence available”.^[2]

Timeline

• 1840 – aparent in Heliade-Rădulescu's Paralelism, with aparență and apariție.^[2]
• 1845 – a record cited by Tiktin from the periodical Arhiva.^[8]
• 1848 – listed with the sense “visible, evident” in Negulici's dictionary.^[9]
• 1870 – Costinescu gives both “visible” and “seeming”.^[10]
• 1895 – “seeming” in Culianu's course of cosmography, MDA2's first record.^[4]

Meanings

Adjective

1. seeming: other than it looks at first sight, so only in appearance: un calm aparent “an apparent calm”.^[3][4][1]
2. (Gallicism) Clearly visible to the eye or the mind; evident.^[3][6]
3. In cărămidă aparentă “face brick”: a brick for façades that are left unplastered.^[3][4]
4. (law) In servitute aparentă: an easement shown by visible works such as doors or windows.^[4][7]

Adverb

1. apparently; in appearance.^[3][11]

Related words

• apărea
• aparență
• apariție

Usage notes

An old variant aparinte is recorded by the DA and MDA2.^[7][4] The opposite is neaparent, used in law for an easement with no outward sign.^[7]

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. apărea
3. ^ a b c d e f g DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 52
4. ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 77
5. ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. aparent
6. ^ a b Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. aparent
7. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. aparent
8. ^ a b Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. aparent
9. ^ a b c Negulici, I. D. (1848), Vocabular romînesc de toate vorbele streine întroduse pînă acum în limba romînească și de toate cuvintele ce s-ar mai putea introduce încă, București, p. s.v. aparent
10. ^ a b Costinescu, Ion (1870), Vocabularu romano-francesu, 2 vols., Bucuresci, p. 55
11. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. aparent