Etymology and origin of the Romanian word învinovăți
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Derivation
- First attested
- 1765 Maior's lexicon More words from the 18th century
- Ultimate origin
- Old Church Slavonic виноватъ
From the same root
Forms
învinovăți (third-person singular present învinovățește, past participle învinovățit) 4th conjugation[1] The DA records a rare form without the prefix, vinovăți.[2]
Etymology
It is formed from Romanian în- + vinovat (“guilty”), with the verb suffix ⟨-i⟩.[2][3][4][1][5] The adjective vinovat is from Old Church Slavonic виноватъ (vinovatŭ).[6][1] The DA compares învinui, a verb of the same meaning formed on vină.[2]
Earliest recorded meaning
Tiktin's first record is Maior's lexicon of 1765.[5] MDA2 starts with Alexandru Beldiman's translation of Voltaire's Orest (1820): „Însu-mi mă 'nvinovăţesc” “I blame myself”.[4][2]
Semantic evolution
The DA labels the main sense Transylvanian and gives the senses “to find or declare someone guilty, to accuse” and, reflexive, “to feel or admit oneself guilty”.[2] Konaki and Negruzzi used it: „Frații mă 'nvinovățesc, prietenii m-au lăsat” “my brothers blame me, my friends have left me”.[2][7] A rare legal sense, “to become liable to a penalty”, is in the Pravila of 1814: whoever denies a debt „se învinovățeaște să o plătească îndoit” “is bound to pay it double”.[2][4]
Timeline
- 1765 – first record, in Maior's lexicon.[5]
- 1814 – the legal sense “to become liable” in a Pravila.[2]
- 1820 – reflexive mă 'nvinovățesc in Beldiman's Orest.[4][2]
- 1862 – Pontbriant glosses it “to incriminate, accuse”.[8]
Meanings
Verb
- To blame: to consider or declare someone guilty; to accuse.[3][4][1]
- (reflexive) To blame oneself, to feel or declare oneself guilty.[3][2]
- (reflexive, obsolete) To become liable to a penalty.[4][2]
Word family
- învinovățire
- învinovățitor
Related words
References
- ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. învinovăți
- ^ a b c DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 561
- ^ a b c d e f Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1269
- ^ a b c Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. învinovăți
- ^ DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1199
- ^ Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 2, 689
- ^ Pontbriant, Raoul de (1862), Dictiunaru romano-francesu, Bucuresci: A. Ulrich / Göttingen: Dieterich, p. 378
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Învinovăți.” Etymologically, 12 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/%C3%AEnvinov%C4%83%C8%9Bi. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.
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