Etymologically

învinovăți

Etymology and origin of the Romanian word învinovăți

Confidence
Established
Formation
Derivation
First attested
1765 Maior's lexicon More words from the 18th century
Ultimate origin
Old Church Slavonic виноватъ
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Romanian vinovat
Romanian învinovăți
From the same root
Romanian nevinovat ← vinovat

Forms

învinovăți (third-person singular present învinovățește, past participle învinovățit) 4th conjugation[1] The DA records a rare form without the prefix, vinovăți.[2]

Etymology

It is formed from Romanian în- + vinovat (“guilty”), with the verb suffix ⟨-i⟩.[2][3][4][1][5] The adjective vinovat is from Old Church Slavonic виноватъ (vinovatŭ).[6][1] The DA compares învinui, a verb of the same meaning formed on vină.[2]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin's first record is Maior's lexicon of 1765.[5] MDA2 starts with Alexandru Beldiman's translation of Voltaire's Orest (1820): „Însu-mi mă 'nvinovăţesc” “I blame myself”.[4][2]

Semantic evolution

The DA labels the main sense Transylvanian and gives the senses “to find or declare someone guilty, to accuse” and, reflexive, “to feel or admit oneself guilty”.[2] Konaki and Negruzzi used it: „Frații mă 'nvinovățesc, prietenii m-au lăsat” “my brothers blame me, my friends have left me”.[2][7] A rare legal sense, “to become liable to a penalty”, is in the Pravila of 1814: whoever denies a debt „se învinovățeaște să o plătească îndoit” “is bound to pay it double”.[2][4]

Timeline

  • 1765 – first record, in Maior's lexicon.[5]
  • 1814 – the legal sense “to become liable” in a Pravila.[2]
  • 1820 – reflexive mă 'nvinovățesc in Beldiman's Orest.[4][2]
  • 1862 – Pontbriant glosses it “to incriminate, accuse”.[8]

Meanings

Verb

  1. To blame: to consider or declare someone guilty; to accuse.[3][4][1]
  2. (reflexive) To blame oneself, to feel or declare oneself guilty.[3][2]
  3. (reflexive, obsolete) To become liable to a penalty.[4][2]

Word family

  • învinovățire
  • învinovățitor

References

  1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. învinovăți
  3. ^ a b c DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 561
  4. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1269
  5. ^ a b c Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. învinovăți
  6. ^ DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1199
  7. ^ Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 2, 689
  8. ^ Pontbriant, Raoul de (1862), Dictiunaru romano-francesu, Bucuresci: A. Ulrich / Göttingen: Dieterich, p. 378

Related etymologies

  • prea · also from Old Church Slavonic
  • înșela · also from Old Church Slavonic
  • pară · also from Old Church Slavonic
  • somn · also from Old Church Slavonic
  • veste · also from Old Church Slavonic
  • coș · also from Old Church Slavonic
  • lin · also from Old Church Slavonic
  • râs · also from Old Church Slavonic
Cite this entry

“Învinovăți.” Etymologically, 12 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/%C3%AEnvinov%C4%83%C8%9Bi. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.

Last edited on . ·