prohibeo Latin · revision 9948

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *gʰh₁b-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [proˈ(ɦ)ɪ.be.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [proˈiː.be.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''prohibeō''' (present infinitive prohibēre, perfect active prohibuī, supine prohibitum); second conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Old forms ''prohibessis'', ''prohibessit'' occur in Ennius, Plautus, Cato and Cicero's ''Laws'', and Lucretius has contracted ''prōbeat''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|prō-|habeō|t2=to have, hold]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces ⟨habeō⟩ to [[itc-pro|*xab-ē-|t=has taken, has]], from [[ine-pro|*gʰh₁b-|t=to take]].^(de Vaan 2008) Wiktionary compares Old English ⟨forhealdan⟩ for the formation.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citations are Plautus, of keeping people away and of gods averting dangers.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to keep at a distance, keep off; of gods, to avert a danger; from Varro to protect; to prevent or stop someone; from Ennius to make impossible; to debar from a right or ban from a place; and in Cicero to forbid by statute or command, prohibit.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it means to forbid, restrain, hinder.^(Stelten 1995) English ''prohibit'' (early 15th century) is from its participle ''prohibitus''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of keeping away and averting.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of preventing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of forbidding by law.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 15th century – English ''prohibit'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To keep off, hold at bay, exclude.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|avert]] (a danger).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To protect, defend.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|prevent]], stop, restrain.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To debar, ban.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|forbid]], [[m|en|prohibit]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[prohibitiō]]

+ * [[prohibitor]]

+ * [[prohibitōrius]]

+ * [[prohibitus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[abhibeō]]

+ * [[adhibeō]]

+ * [[antehabeō]]

+ * [[cohibeō]]

+ * [[diribeō]]

+ * [[exhibeō]]

+ * [[habeō]]

+ * [[inhibeō]]

+ * [[perhibeō]]

+ * [[posthabeō]]

+ * [[en|prohibit]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}