rudis Latin · revision 8279

+ {{homograph|1|rough, raw}}

+

+ * [[rudīmentum]]

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+ {{homograph|2|stick, wooden sword}}

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+ {{infobox|confidence=unknown|attested=Cato}}

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+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈrʊ.dɪs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈruː.dis]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''rudis''' ''f'' (genitive rudis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The stick is of unknown origin according to the OLD and Köbler.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) Wiktionary derives it from the adjective [[rudis#1|alt=rudis]] “raw, unwrought”, as a plain unfinished stick.^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Cato tells the cook to turn cheese balls often with two stirring sticks.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was any slender stick: a spatula for stirring, in Cato and Pliny, and the wooden sword or foil used by soldiers and gladiators in practice, as Livy's sham battle and Suetonius' fencing murmillo.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) A gladiator honourably discharged received the ''rudis'', so ''rudem accipere'' “to receive the foil” meant to retire: Cicero mocks Antony, “such a good gladiator, and you got the foil so soon?”^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016) Horace and Ovid use it figuratively of retirement from any service, and inscriptions name the fencing-master ''summa rudis''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Döderlein lists it among sticks for thrusting.^(Döderlein 1874)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato, of a stirring stick.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius, of practice fighting.^(OLD 2012)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of a gladiator's discharge.^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace, of retirement.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A stirring stick, [[m|en|spatula]].^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # A wooden sword, [[m|en|foil]] (for practice fighting).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # The foil given to a gladiator on his discharge, ''(figurative)'' retirement.^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Word family==