occido Latin · revision 8263

+ {{homograph|1|kill}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Laws of the kings}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ɔkˈkiː.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [otˈt͡ʃiː.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''occīdō''' (present infinitive occīdere, perfect active occīdī, supine occīsum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The verb “to kill” is a compound of [[ob-|t=towards, against]] and [[caedō]] “to cut, strike”.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The laws of the kings and the Twelve Tables have the old perfect ''occīsit'', as Festus and Macrobius record.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It first meant to strike down or beat, as Terence's man “beaten to death” with fists, and Varro uses it of breaking up the soil.^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016) Its usual sense was to kill, slaughter: Cicero's accusers who profited from a father's murder, Caesar's general killed fighting before the camp.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) By hyperbole it meant to pester someone to death, as Horace's “you have killed me, friends, not saved me”, or to ruin.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It survives in Italian ''uccidere'', Romanian ''ucide'' and Old French ''occire''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – The Twelve Tables, ''occīsit''.^(OLD 2012)

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius, of killing a twin.^(OLD 2012)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence, of a beating.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of murder.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To strike down, beat; to break up (soil).^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # To [[m|en|kill]], [[m|en|slaughter]].^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # ''(hyperbolic)'' To pester to death, plague; to ruin.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[occīsiō]]

+ * [[occīdiō]]

+ * [[occīsor]]

+

+ {{homograph|2|fall, set, perish}}

+

+ * [[abscīdō]]

+ * [[accīdō]]

+ * [[caedō]]

+ * [[circumcīdō]]

+ * [[concīdō]]

+ * [[dēcīdō]]

+ * [[discīdō]]

+ * [[excīdō]]

+ * [[incīdō]]

+ * [[intercīdō]]