occido Latin · revision 6960

16 Oct 2026, 12:54 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)”
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Ennius|origins=la cadō}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈɔk.kɪ.doː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈɔt.t͡ʃi.do]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''occidō''' (present infinitive occidere, perfect active occidī, supine occāsum); third conjugation, no passive^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[ob-]] and [[cadō]] “to fall”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Ennius, of dying and of the setting of heavenly bodies.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to fall down, a sense Lewis and Short call rare, as Livy's trees that fell at a light push.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) Its common sense was to die, be struck down, as in Ennius, of species to die out, as in Lucretius, and of persons to be ruined, as Plautus' ''occidī'' “I'm done for”.^(OLD 2012) Of heavenly bodies it meant to set, as in Ennius, and ''sōle occāsō'' was after sunset, and Petronius uses it of a lamp going out.^(OLD 2012) It also meant to pass away, sink into nothingness, as early as Pacuvius.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to set, go down, fall, perish, die.^(Stelten 1995) Its participle ''occidēns'' “setting”, of the western sky, gave [[en|occident]] in the late 14th century, and its noun ''occāsiō'' gave [[en|occasion]].^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of dying and of setting.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of being ruined.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 220–130 BC – Pacuvius uses it of passing away.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * late 14th century – English ''occident'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To fall down.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To die, be killed; of species, to die out.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To be ruined, come to grief.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Of heavenly bodies, to [[m|en|set]]; of a lamp, to go out.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To pass away, perish.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[praeoccidō]]
+ * [[occāsiō]]
+ * [[occāsus]]
+ * [[occidēns]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[accidō]]
+ * [[cadō]]
+ * [[concidō]]
+ * [[dēcidō]]
+ * [[excidō]]
+ * [[incidō]]
+ * [[intercidō]]
+ * [[prōcidō]]
+ * [[recidō]]
+ * [[succidō]]
+ * [[en|occident]]
+ * [[en|occasion]]
+ 
+ ==Usage notes==
+ A different verb, ''occīdō, occīdere'' (long ''ī''), from ''ob-'' and [[caedō]] “to cut, strike”, meant to kill, slaughter, as in Naevius, and its old perfect ''occīsit'' is in the laws of the kings and the Twelve Tables; it survives in Italian ''uccidere''.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}