accido Latin · revision 8142

+ {{homograph|1|fall, happen}}

+

+

+ {{homograph|2|cut into}}

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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Caesar}}

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+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [akˈkiː.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [atˈt͡ʃiː.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''accīdō''' (present infinitive accīdere, perfect active accīdī, supine accīsum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Etymology==

+ The cutting verb is a compound of [[ad-|t=to, at]] and [[caedō]] “to cut, strike”.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Caesar uses it of trees cut so far through that only their standing outline is left.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From cutting into trees it came to mean felling them, and, figuratively, cutting down an army by slaughter or weakening a state: Cicero says that a cause, though shattered (''accīsae''), may revive and renew the war.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) Virgil uses it of food used up, and Arnobius of crops eaten by locusts.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Late Latin dictionaries add the senses “to impair, break down, destroy”.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar, of trees cut nearly through.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of a weakened cause.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy, of forces cut down in battle.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ * 297–310 AD – Arnobius, of crops eaten by locusts.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|cut]] nearly through; to cut back, [[m|en|fell]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To reduce by slaughter, cut up (an army); to [[m|en|weaken]] (a state).^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # To cut down, use up (resources, food).^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

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+ ==Word family==

+ * [[abscīdō]]

+ * [[abscīsē]]

+ * [[caedō]]

+ * [[circumcīdō]]

+ * [[discīdō]]