accido Latin · revision 6624
16 Oct 2026, 12:11 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)”
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Livius Andronicus|origins=la cadō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈak.kɪ.doː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈat.t͡ʃi.do]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''accidō''' (present infinitive accidere, perfect active accidī); third conjugation, no passive, no supine stem^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[ad-|t=to]] and [[cadō]] “to fall”, with the vowel weakened to ⟨i⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's first citations include Livius Andronicus, of water flowing down, and Plautus, of descending from the sky.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler dates Livius Andronicus 280/260–before 200 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to fall down, descend, of water to flow down, to fall at someone's feet, as in Ennius, and to fall upon, attack, as in Sallust.^(OLD 2012) Of sounds and news it meant to reach the ears, and of sights to strike the eyes or mind, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012) Above all it meant to happen, occur, come about, to turn out, and to befall someone, with ''sī quid mihi acciderit'' “if anything should happen to me”, that is, if I die.^(OLD 2012) ''Accidit ut'' meant “it happens that”.^(OLD 2012) In philosophy it meant to be accidental to, and in grammar to be an inflection of.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein says ''accidere'' is used of unexpected events, [[ēveniō]] of expected ones, and [[contingō]] mostly of fortunate ones.^(Döderlein 1874)
+
+ Its participle ''accidēns'' gave [[en|accident]] in the late 14th century.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 280/260–before 200 BC – Livius Andronicus uses it of falling water.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of descending from the sky.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses ''accidit ut'' “it happens that”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * late 14th century – English ''accident'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To fall down, descend.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To fall at someone's feet.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To fall upon, attack.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(of sounds, sights)'' To reach, strike.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To [[m|en|happen]], occur.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To befall, ''sī quid acciderit'', if anything should happen (death).^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(philosophy)'' To be accidental (to).^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[accidēns]]
+ * [[accidentia]]
+ * [[accidentum]]
+ * [[acciduus]]
+ * [[accīsus]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[cadō]]
+ * [[concidō]]
+ * [[contingō]]
+ * [[dēcidō]]
+ * [[ēveniō]]
+ * [[excidō]]
+ * [[incidō]]
+ * [[intercidō]]
+ * [[occidō]]
+ * [[prōcidō]]
+ * [[en|accident]]
+
+ ==Usage notes==
+ A different verb ''accīdō, accīdere'', from [[ad-]] and [[caedō]], meant to cut into, fell, and to cut down or weaken.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}