religiosus Latin · revision 7201

16 Oct 2026, 13:19 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)”
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la religiō}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [rɛ.lɪ.ɡiˈoː.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [re.li.d͡ʒiˈɔː.s̬us]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''religiōsus''' (feminine religiōsa, neuter religiōsum, comparative religiōsior, superlative religiōsissimus, adverb religiōsē); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[religiō]] “religious scruple, religion” with the suffix [[-ōsus]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) Virgil scans its first syllable long, and poets write ⟨rellig-⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Plautus, of someone full of religious scruple.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant full of religious scruples, and in Terence superstitious.^(OLD 2012) Of acts it meant forbidden by divine law, taboo, and ''diēs religiōsus'' a day on which business was banned, as in Lucilius.^(OLD 2012) It meant devoted to religious use, sacred, and in Gaius' law, as distinct from ''sacer'' and ''sānctus'', dedicated to the dead.^(OLD 2012) It meant invested with awe, reverent, devout, and in Cicero scrupulous, conscientious, as his ''testis religiōsus'' “a scrupulous witness”.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Cicero contrasts the ''religiōsī'', who carefully go over all that concerns the worship of the gods, with the ''superstitiōsī''.^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ 
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant religious, pious, God-fearing, conscientious, and as a noun a member of a religious community.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin used it of one devoted to the ascetic life.^(Niermeyer 1976) [[en|religious]] came about 1200 through Anglo-French, also of a member of a religious order.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of religious scruple.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it of superstition.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius uses ''diēs religiōsus''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of the devout and the scrupulous.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 1200 – English ''religious'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adjective===
+ # Full of religious scruple; superstitious.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Forbidden by divine law, ''diēs religiōsus'', a day of religious ban.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Sacred, ''(law)'' dedicated to the dead.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Awe-inspiring; reverent.^(OLD 2012)
+ # [[m|en|Devout]], [[m|en|religious]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # [[m|en|Scrupulous]], conscientious.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' As a noun, a member of a religious order.^(Stelten 1995)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[irreligiōsus]]
+ * [[religiōsitās]]
+ * [[religiosulus]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[religiō]]
+ * [[superstitiōsus]]
+ * [[en|religious]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}