discus Latin · revision 6990

16 Oct 2026, 12:58 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=Plautus|origins=grc δίσκος}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈdɪs.kʊs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈdis.kus]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''discus''' ''m'' (genitive discī); second declension^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[bor|grc|δίσκος|tr=dískos|t=quoit, disc]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) Köbler relates the Greek to [[m|grc|δικεῖν|tr=dikeîn|t=to throw]].^(Köbler 2010) Isidore says it was first called ⟨iscus⟩ from its shield-like shape, and then ⟨discus⟩ because it “gives food”.^(Isidore)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Plautus, of a discus.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant a discus, a quoit thrown in gymnastic exercise, as in Cicero, Horace and Ovid.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) It was used of things shaped like a disc, a dish in Apuleius, a gong in Fronto, and in Vitruvius a kind of sundial.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant a dish, and the paten in the Greek rite.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin used it of a dish or tray and, through Germanic influence, a table.^(Niermeyer 1976) Old English ''disc'', the source of [[en|dish]], and Old High German ''tisc'' were borrowed from it.^(Etymonline) Its Medieval Latin offshoot ''desca'' gave [[en|desk]], Old French ''deis'' gave [[en|dais]], and [[en|discus]] itself came in the 1650s.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a discus.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius uses it of a sundial.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 125–175 AD – Apuleius uses it of a dish.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * mid-14th century – English ''desk'' is recorded, from Medieval Latin ''desca''.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A [[m|en|discus]], quoit.^(OLD 2012)
+ # A dish; a gong; a sundial.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' A [[m|en|paten]].^(Stelten 1995)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A table.^(Niermeyer 1976)
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[scutella]]
+ * [[en|dish]]
+ * [[en|desk]]
+ * [[en|disc]]
+ * [[en|dais]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}