extraneus Latin · revision 6962

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Rhetorica ad Herennium|origins=la ex}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ɛkˈstraː.ne.ʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ekˈstraː.ne.us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''extrāneus''' (feminine extrānea, neuter extrāneum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[extrā]] “outside” with the suffix [[-āneus]], as Priscian notes.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is from the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'', of what is external.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates it 86/82 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant external, not inherent, as in the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' and Cicero, and coming from abroad, foreign.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Lewis and Short call it mostly post-Augustan.^(Lewis & Short 1879) In law it meant not of one's family or household, and as a noun a stranger, and ''extrāneus hērēs'' was an heir not under the testator's power.^(OLD 2012) Columella uses it of matters outside the house.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein explains that ''exterus'' and ''externus'' are foreigners living abroad, ''peregrīnus'' and ''advena'' those staying for a time.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant external, strange, foreign, and as a noun a stranger.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin also used it of someone banished.^(Niermeyer 1976) It passed through Old French ''estrange'' into [[en|strange]], and survives in Italian ''strano'' and Romanian ''străin''; [[en|extraneous]] is a learned borrowing of the 1630s.^(Etymonline)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 86/82 BC – The ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' uses it of the external.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of the foreign.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 75–c. 150 AD – Suetonius uses it as a noun, a stranger.^(Köbler 2010)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ * 1630s – English ''extraneous'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Not of one's family; as a noun, a [[m|en|stranger]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Foreign.^(OLD 2012)

+ # External, not inherent, [[m|en|extraneous]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Banished.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[extraneo]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[extrā]]

+ * [[externus]]

+ * [[peregrīnus]]

+ * [[en|strange]]

+ * [[en|extraneous]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}