potus Latin · revision 5896

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *peh₃-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpoː.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈpɔː.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pōtus''' (feminine pōta, neuter pōtum); first/second-declension participle^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*pōto-|t=drunk]], [[inh|ine-pro|*ph₃-to-|t=drunk]], the participle of the root [[ine-pro|*peh₃-|t=to drink]], with the full grade taken from the root aorist.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[sa|अपात्|tr=ápāt|t=drank]], a Sanskrit aorist, and [[grc|ἔπιον|tr=épion|t=I drank]], and with [[hit|pāš-|t=to swallow]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(TLL) [[pōculum]] “cup” is from the same root, and with ''pōtus'' it spread the vowel ⟨pō-⟩ to the other derivatives, as [[pōtō]] “to drink”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ As the participle of ''pōtāre'' it meant “drunk”, both “having been drunk” of a liquid and “having drunk”, and so “drunken”, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) The noun ''pōtus'', ''-ūs'' meant the action of drinking, as Celsus' ''aquam pōtuī dare'' “to give water to drink”, and a drink, as Mela's people whose drink is milk and the juice of berries.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ In Medieval Latin ''pōtus'' also meant spiced wine, and a Celtic word ''pottus'' “pot” took the same form.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a drunken man.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus speaks of giving water to drink.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # (Of a liquid) drunk, drained.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Having drunk; [[m|en|drunk]], intoxicated.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # The act of [[m|en|drinking]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # A [[m|en|drink]], draught.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Spiced wine.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[bibō]]

+ * [[pōtō]]

+ * [[pōculum]]

+ * [[en|potion]]

+ * [[en|potable]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}