ingens Latin · revision 5593

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *meǵh₂-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈɪŋ.ɡẽːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈin̠ʲ.d͡ʒens]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ingēns''' (genitive ingentis, comparative ingentior, superlative ingentissimus); third-declension one-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ Its origin is disputed.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) The traditional view, kept by Lewis & Short and Köbler, takes it as [[in-]] “not” and [[gēns]] “kind”, “beyond its kind”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan follows Muller's proposal of [[itc-pro|*mgant-]], from [[ine-pro|*mǵ-h₂-ént-|t=great]], built on the root of [[magnus]] with the same suffixes as [[sa|महान्त्|tr=mahā́ntam|t=great]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus, where someone orders a huge fire to be made.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant of very great size, huge or vast, then very great in number or amount, as ''ingentēs dīvitiae'' in Cicero, and very great in degree, as of winds and sounds.^(OLD 2012) Of persons it meant great or powerful, and of character lofty or proud, as Sallust's Sulla with his ''animus ingēns''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Medieval writers kept the sense huge.^(DMLBS) It was borrowed into [[it|ingente]] and [[es|ingente]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus orders a huge fire.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust describes Sulla's lofty spirit.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses a comparative ''ingentior''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|Huge]], [[m|en|vast]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Very great (in number or amount).^(OLD 2012)

+ # Very great (in degree), loud.^(OLD 2012)

+ # (of persons) Great, powerful.^(OLD 2012)

+ # (of character) Lofty, proud.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[magnus]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein counts [[magnus]], [[grandis]] and [[amplus]] as a fitting greatness, and ''ingēns'', [[immānis]] and [[vastus]] as an overwhelming one.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}