utor Latin · revision 5456

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *h₃eyt-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈuː.tɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈuː.tor]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ūtor''' (present infinitive ūtī, perfect active ūsus sum); third conjugation, deponent^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*oit-e/o-|t=to use]], perhaps from [[ine-pro|*h₃eyt-|t=to take along, fetch]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Old Latin had forms with the diphthongs /oi/ and /oe/, such as [[m|la|oetier]] and [[m|la|oesus]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cognate with [[pgn|oisa|t=used]] and [[osc|úíttiuf|t=use]].^(de Vaan 2008) Tichy suggests the sense went from “fetch for oneself” to “use”, which would make the Greek future [[grc|οἴσω|tr=oísō|t=I will bring]] a cognate.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008) In Plautus a character thinks those wise who drink old wine.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was used with the ablative and meant to make use of something, to consume food or drink, to employ a person, to handle a horse or weapons, to avail oneself of an opportunity, and to practise a course of action.^(OLD 2012) With a person it meant to be on close terms with him.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ Its participle gave [[ūsus]] “use”, and Vulgar Latin *''ūsāre'' gave [[fr|user]] and [[en|use]] about 1200.^(Etymonline) Other derivatives reached English as well: [[ūtēnsilis]] gave [[en|utensil]] and [[ūtilitās]] [[en|utility]], both in the late 14th century, and [[ūsūra]] gave [[en|usury]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of drinking old wine.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1200 – English ''use'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+ * late 14th century – English ''utensil'' and ''utility'' are recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|use]], make use of (with the ablative).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To consume (food or drink).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To employ (a person); to be on close terms with.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # To manage, handle (horses, arms).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To avail oneself of.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To practise (a course of action).^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[abūtor]]

+ * [[deūtor]]

+ * [[ūsitor]]

+ * [[ūsō]]

+ * [[ūsōr]]

+ * [[ūsūra]]

+ * [[ūsus]]

+ * [[ūtēnsilis]]

+ * [[ūtibilis]]

+ * [[ūtilis]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|use]]

+ * [[en|utensil]]

+ * [[en|utility]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein contrasts ''ūtī'', lasting use for one's advantage, with [[ūsurpō|alt=ūsurpāre]], a single act of use, and with [[fruor|alt=fruī]], the pleasure of use, as in Florus: “Hannibal, when he could use his victory, preferred to enjoy it”.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}