pario Latin · revision 5261

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Old Latin inscription (Garigliano)|origins=ine-pro *perh₃-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpa.ri.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈpaː.ri.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pariō''' (present infinitive parere or parīre, perfect active peperī, supine paritum or partum); third (-iō variant) conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*par-(e)i-|t=to bear; to procure]], [[inh|ine-pro|*pérh₃-i-|t=to provide]].^(de Vaan 2008) Schrijver explains ⟨par-⟩ from *prH- before a vowel, which de Vaan finds better than the older idea of a change *pera- > *para-.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[xfa|peparai|t=I have procured]], [[grc|ἔπορον|tr=époron|t=I gave]] and [[sga|ernaid|t=grants]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan explains the two senses, to give birth and to procure, from a common sense “to provide”, the same root as in [[parō]].^(de Vaan 2008) The TLL notes that [[lt|perėti|t=to brood, hatch]] comes closest in form and meaning.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The earliest example is the Old Latin Garigliano bowl, with ''nei pari'' “do not appropriate”; the Twelve Tables use it of winning a crown, and Livius Andronicus is the first literary author.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In literature it meant above all to give birth, of women and female animals, and to lay eggs.^(OLD 2012) The earth and nature were said to bring forth things, countries to produce them, and minds to create works.^(OLD 2012) From the older sense of procuring came “to bring about, get, win”, as in ''victōriam parere'' “to win a victory”, and the participle ''parta'' “gains, savings”.^(OLD 2012) It also meant to cause something, as when Terence says that truth breeds hatred.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Its derivatives include [[parēns]] “parent” and [[partus]] “birth”, ''parēns'' is the source of [[en|parent]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Etymonline) The verb survives in [[it|parire]], [[es|parir]] and [[pt|parir]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – the Twelve Tables use it of winning a crown.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of giving birth to twins.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence says that truth breeds hatred.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 15th century – English ''parent'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To give birth to, [[m|en|bear]] (of women and female animals).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To lay (eggs); to [[m|en|spawn]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # (of the earth, nature, countries) To bring forth, produce.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To create (a work of the mind).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To bring about, get, [[m|en|procure]], ''parta'', acquisitions, savings.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To give rise to, cause.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[antepartum]]

+ * [[appario]]

+ * [[expartus]]

+ * [[parēns]]

+ * [[parta]]

+ * [[partiō]]

+ * [[partitūdō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pars]]

+ * [[pauper]]

+ * [[prātum]]

+ * [[parō]]

+ * [[en|parent]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A different first-conjugation verb ''pariō, pariāre'' “to settle a debt”, from [[pār]] “equal”, is found in the jurists and inscriptions.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}