torqueo Latin · revision 4991

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *terkʷ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈtɔr.kʷe.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈtɔr.kʷe.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''torqueō''' (present infinitive torquēre, perfect active torsī, supine tortum); second conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*torkʷ-eie-|t=to twist]], [[inh|ine-pro|*torkʷ-eie-|t=to twist]], a causative of [[ine-pro|*terkʷ-|t=to turn]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Etymonline) Cognate with [[hit|tarku-|t=to dance]], [[sa|तर्कु|tr=tarku|t=spindle]] and [[grc|ἄτρακτος|tr=átraktos|t=spindle]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) [[tormentum]] continues *torkʷ-mn-to-.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Latin it was to twist tightly, as Ovid's twisting thread with the thumb, to wind round the head, as Virgil's oak garland, and to turn or whirl.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Wiktionary) It was to hurl, to torture on the rack, and to torment with pain, as Varro's cress that twists the nose.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Döderlein contrasts it, twisting, with [[vertō]], turning.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ Its noun [[torquēs]] was a twisted collar, and ''tormentum'' gave English ''torment''.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Etymonline) Late Latin ''torqua'' gave English ''torch'', and the verb gave ''torque''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of a twisted garland.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-13th century – English ''torch'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1882 – English ''torque'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|twist]], wind.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To spin, whirl, turn.^(Wiktionary)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # To hurl.^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|torture]]; to [[m|en|torment]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[abtorqueo]]

+ * [[attorqueō]]

+ * [[circumtorqueō]]

+ * [[contorqueō]]

+ * [[dētorqueō]]

+ * [[distorqueō]]

+ * [[extorqueō]]

+ * [[intorqueō]]

+ * [[obtorqueō]]

+ * [[pertorqueō]]

+ * [[praetorqueō]]

+ * [[retorqueō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[torquēs]]

+ * [[tormentum]]

+ * [[en|torment]]

+ * [[en|torch]]

+ * [[en|torque]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}