permission English · revision 4813

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1410|origins=la permissio}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: UK /pəˈmɪʃ.ən/, US /pɚˈmɪʃ.ən/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|permissioun]], [[bor|frm|permission]] and directly from [[la|permissiō|t=a giving up, a yielding; permission]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) a noun of action from the past participle of permittere “to let go, allow”,^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) the source of [[permit]].^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The act of permitting, consent: about 1410 in Barnhart, the early 15th century in Etymonline, 1432–50 in the OED.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ A rare sense, giving up or abandonment, is from 1677 and is obsolete.^(OED 1989) A permission as a countable thing, a written authorization, is from 1718.^(OED 1989) The related ''permissible'' is from before 1430, in Lydgate,^(Barnhart 1988) and ''permissive'' from before 1475.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1410 – the act of permitting.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1677 – giving up (obsolete).^(OED 1989)

+ * 1718 – a written authorization.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The act of allowing someone to do something; [[consent]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # A formal document or [[authorization]] that allows something.^(OED 1989)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[permissioned]]

+ * [[nonpermission]]

+ * [[permissible]]

+ * [[permissive]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[permit]]

+ * [[mission]]

+ * [[remission]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The AHD groups permission with [[authorization]], [[consent]], [[leave]], [[license]] and [[sanction]], nouns for approval of a course of action given by someone in authority, as in ''ask leave to respond''.^(AHD)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}