motion English · revision 4298

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1385|origins=la movere}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: UK /ˈməʊ.ʃən/, US /ˈmoʊ.ʃən/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|mocioun]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024) [[bor|fro|motion|t=movement, motion; change, alteration]], mocion,^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) and directly from [[la|mōtiō|alt=motionem|t=a moving, motion; an emotion]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) from the past participle stem of [[m|la|movēre|t=to move]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986) from [[ine-pro|*mew(h₁)-|alt=*meue-|t=to push away]].^(Etymonline) It is related to [[move]], [[motive]] and [[emotion]].^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ A suggestion or proposal: about 1385, in Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde, according to Barnhart.^(Barnhart 1988) The process of moving is from before 1398, in Trevisa's translation of Bartholomew,^(Barnhart 1988) the late 14th century in Etymonline,^(Etymonline) 1412–20 in the OED.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The legal sense, an application to a court or judge, is from about 1400.^(Etymonline) Movement of a living body or its parts, a gesture, is from 1588,^(OED 1989) the power of moving from 1603,^(OED 1989) and a manner of walking from 1598.^(OED 1989) A formal proposal in a meeting or assembly is from the 16th century in Hoad.^(Hoad 1986) ''Set in motion'' is from the 1590s and ''in motion'' from about 1600.^(Etymonline) The verb meant to request or petition from 1476 in Barnhart,^(Barnhart 1988) the late 15th century in Etymonline;^(Etymonline) to propose formally is by 1747,^(Etymonline) and to direct by a gesture from 1787 in Etymonline,^(Etymonline) 1747 in Merriam-Webster.^(MW Collegiate) ''Motionless'' is from 1599, in Shakespeare's Henry V,^(Barnhart 1988) ''motion picture'' from 1896 and ''motion sickness'' from 1942, both American English.^(Barnhart 1988) In Worcestershire, ''to go through the motion'' was to go through the usual form.^(Wright 1898)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1385 – a proposal.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * a. 1398 – the process of moving.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * c. 1400 – a motion in court.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1476 – verb, to request.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1588 – a gesture.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1599 – ''motionless''.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1747 – verb, to propose; to gesture.^(Etymonline)^(MW Collegiate)

+ * 1896 – ''motion picture''.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1942 – ''motion sickness''.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The act or process of changing position or place; [[movement]].^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # A [[gesture]] that conveys meaning.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # The ability to move, or the manner of moving.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # A formal proposal put to a meeting or [[assembly]] for discussion and vote.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # ''(law)'' An application to a court for a ruling or order.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # An emptying of the bowels.^(COED 2004)

+

+ ===Verb===

+ # To signal or direct by a gesture: ''motioned him to sit''.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[motional]]

+ * [[motionless]]

+ * [[motionlessly]]

+ * [[motionlessness]]

+ * [[motioner]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[emotion]]

+ * [[motile]]

+ * [[motive]]

+ * [[move]]

+ * [[movement]]

+ * [[stop-motion]]

+ * [[commotion]]

+ * [[promotion]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}