participium Latin · revision 4286

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Varro|origins=la particeps}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [par.tɪˈkɪ.pi.ũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [par.tiˈt͡ʃiː.pi.um]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''participium''' ''n'' (genitive participiī or participī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|particeps|-ium|t1=sharing]], the grammatical sense being a semantic loan from [[grc|μετοχή|tr=metokhḗ|t=sharing, participle]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) Wiktionary derives it from [[participo|alt=participō]], from [[pars]] and [[capio|alt=capiō]].^(Wiktionary) Isidore of Seville explained it as taking parts of the noun and the verb, as if [[m|la|particapium]].^(Isidore)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Varro, in On the Latin Language, uses it of the participle.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Georges 1913) Köbler dates Varro 116–27 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its usual sense was grammatical, a participle, a verb form that shares in the functions of a noun, and ancient grammarians counted the gerundive among them.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Quintilian uses it so.^(Gaffiot 2016) The sense of sharing, participation, is found in Justinian's Code.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In medieval Latin it was participation and a share in common rights of use.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Köbler 2010) English ''participle'' is recorded in the late 14th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of the participle.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian uses it.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 528–534 AD – Justinian's Code uses it of sharing.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''participle'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(grammar)'' A [[m|en|participle]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Sharing, participation.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A share in common rights of use.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[participālis]]

+ * [[participiālis]]

+ * [[participiāliter]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pars]]

+ * [[particeps]]

+ * [[participātiō]]

+ * [[participātor]]

+ * [[participātum]]

+ * [[participātus]]

+ * [[participō]]

+ * [[en|participle]]

+ * [[en|participate]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}