doppio Italian · revision 38892

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=early 13th century, Rainerio da Perugia|origins=ine-pro *duplo-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈdop.pjo/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''doppio''' (feminine doppia, masculine plural doppi, feminine plural doppie)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old Italian forms include ''doplu'', ''dopio'', ''duplo'' and ''duppio''.^(TLIO)^(GDLI|4, 957)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la|duplus|t=double, twice as much]], formed from [[m|la|duo|t=two]] and the suffix [[m|la|-plus]] of such adjectives.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary) Sabatini–Coletti calls it the popular form beside the learned doublet [[duplo]].^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary) The same word is [[fr|double]], [[oc|doble]], [[ca|doble]], [[es|doble]], [[pt|doble]] and [[sc|duplu]];^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935) DEI notes that in southern Italy and in [[ro|duplu]] it is learned.^(DEI|1383)

+

+ The comparison of Latin [[m|la|duplus]] with [[grc|διπλόος|tr=diplóos|t=double]] and [[got|𐍄𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍆𐌻𐍃|tr=tweifls|t=doubt]] points to [[ine-pro|*duplo-]], from [[m|ine-pro|*du-|t=two]] and the root [[m|ine-pro|*pel-|t=to fold]], “folded in two”.^(Nocentini 2010)^(Wiktionary)^(DEI|1383)

+

+ Several uses are calques: the tennis noun follows [[en|double]], [[doppio gioco]] follows [[m|en|double game]], and [[doppiare]] “to dub” follows [[fr|doubler]].^(DELI 1999)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first record is the noun ''doplu'' “twice the amount” in the vernacular translation of Rainerio da Perugia, early in the 13th century, in a penalty clause: the one who breaks the contract pays ''lu doplu'' of the thing's value.^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI|4, 960) The TLIO's first record is Patecchio's ''Splanamento'' from Cremona.^(TLIO) Bono Giamboni uses the adjective in the senses “twice as large” and “made of two layers” (before 1292).^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Old Italian used ''doppio'' for double weights, coins and legal penalties, for a thing folded on itself, and as an adverb “doubly”.^(TLIO) Giordano da Pisa uses it for “false, two-faced” in 1304, the source of ''doppiezza'' “duplicity” (before 1390).^(DELI 1999) Dante sets it against ''scempio'' “single”: ''prima era scempio, e ora è fatto doppio''.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)

+

+ The coin ''doppia'' (1618) was a gold piece worth two ducats.^(DELI 1999) 20th-century senses include doubles in tennis (1963), the double agent's ''doppio gioco'', and a person's double.^(DELI 1999)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026) English took ''doppio'' for a double espresso.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Early 13th century – ''Doplu'' “double amount” in Rainerio da Perugia.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1292 – Bono Giamboni uses the adjective.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1304 – Giordano da Pisa uses ''doppio'' “false”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1390 – ''Doppiezza'' “duplicity” is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1618 – ''Doppia'', the gold coin, is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1892 – ''Doppietta'' “double-barrelled gun” is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1933 – ''Doppiaggio'' “dubbing” is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1963 – The tennis sense “doubles” is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|double]], twice as much or as large: ''Quel mese ha preso paga doppia.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # Made of two parts, often superimposed: ''doppi vetri'', ''fucile a doppia canna''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # Twofold, happening twice: ''in doppia copia''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(figurative)'' [[m|en|two-faced]], false: ''una persona doppia''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+ # ''(linguistics)'' Of a consonant: long, written twice.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(botany)'' Of a flower: with stamens turned into petals.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # Twice the amount: ''Guadagna il doppio di me.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(sport)'' [[m|en|doubles]] in tennis.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)^(DELI 1999)

+ # A person's double; an understudy.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ===Adverb===

+ # Doubly, twice: ''vedere doppio''.^(Wiktionary)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[doppia]]

+ * [[doppiare]]

+ * [[doppiaggio]]

+ * [[doppiatore]]

+ * [[doppietta]]

+ * [[doppiezza]]

+ * [[doppino]]

+ * [[doppione]]

+ * [[doppista]]

+ * [[doppiogiochista]]

+ * [[doppiopetto]]

+ * [[raddoppiare]]

+ * [[sdoppiare]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[duplo]]

+ * [[duplice]]

+ * [[due]]

+ * [[la|duplus]]

+ * [[fr|double]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Common phrases are ''doppio senso'' “double meaning”, ''doppio mento'' “double chin”, ''fare il doppio gioco'' “to play a double game” and ''legato a filo doppio'' “closely bound”.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}