report English · revision 3633

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1385 (Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde)|origins=la portāre}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: UK /rɪˈpɔːt/, US /rɪˈpɔːrt/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|report]], with the verb [[m|enm|reporten]], [[bor|fro|report|t=pronouncement, judgment]] and [[m|fro|reporter|t=to tell, relate]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(SOED 2002) from [[la|reportāre|t=to carry back]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(AHD 2000) from [[m|la|re-|t=back]] and [[m|la|portāre|t=to carry]].^(Etymonline)^(AHD 2000)^(Barnhart 1988) In Medieval Latin ''reportāre'' also meant “to write an account for the record”.^(Etymonline) The Shorter Oxford notes that the usual English sense is closer to Old French [[m|fro|raporter]], modern French [[m|fr|rapporter]].^(SOED 2002) It is related to [[port]], “to carry”.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Klein 1966)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Rumour, gossip, common talk: about 1385, in Chaucer's ''Troilus and Criseyde'', where the verb “to relate, give an account of” also appears.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ An account of a matter, especially one being investigated, is from about 1410,^(Barnhart 1988) and an authoritative account from the early 15th century.^(Etymonline) A written account of a law case is from the 1610s, and the formal statement of an investigation's results from the 1660s.^(Etymonline) The loud noise of a gun or explosion is a ''report'' from 1590^(Barnhart 1988) or the 1580s.^(Etymonline) The verb meant “to submit to an authority” in the early 15th century,^(Etymonline) which led to “to present oneself”, as in ''report for duty'', in the 19th century.^(Cresswell 2021) ''To report someone'', to name them as an offender, is from 1885.^(Etymonline) A teacher's written report on a pupil is American, from about 1840 according to Barnhart^(Barnhart 1988) or 1873 according to Etymonline, and the ''report card'' from the 1910s or 1920s.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) ''Reporter'' is from 1450, altered from Chaucer's ''reportour''.^(Barnhart 1988) ''Reportage'' meant “repute” in 1612, and journalistic reporting from 1891.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1385 – rumour; verb, to relate (Chaucer).^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * c. 1410 – an account of a matter.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1450 – ''reporter''.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1590 – the noise of a gun.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1610s – a law report.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1660s – the report of an investigation.^(Etymonline)

+ * c. 1840 – a school report.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1885 – to report an offender.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1891 – ''reportage'', reporting.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A detailed spoken or written account.^(AHD)^(SOED 2002)

+ # A formal account of the work of a committee or the findings of an investigation.^(AHD)^(Etymonline)

+ # A published account of court cases or decisions.^(AHD)^(Etymonline)

+ # Rumour, gossip.^(AHD)^(SOED 2002)

+ # Reputation: ''of good report''.^(AHD)

+ # An explosive noise, as of a gun.^(AHD)^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ===Verb===

+ # To give an account of, often formally or officially.^(AHD)^(Etymonline)

+ # To write or broadcast an account of for the news.^(AHD)

+ # To present oneself: ''report for duty''.^(AHD)^(Cresswell 2021)

+ # To be accountable to: ''reports to the manager''.^(AHD)

+ # To make a complaint about; to [[denounce]].^(AHD)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[reportable]]

+ * [[misreport]]

+ * [[reportorial]]

+ * [[overreport]]

+ * [[reporter]]

+ * [[underreport]]

+ * [[unreported]]

+ * [[subreport]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[port]]

+ * [[porter]]

+ * [[rapport]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}