iugo Latin · revision 35808

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Laevius (2nd/1st century BC)|origins=la iugum}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈjʊ.ɡoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈjuː.ɡo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''iugō''' (present infinitive iugāre, perfect active iugāvī, supine iugātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|iugum|-ō|t1=yoke]], a verb made from the noun for the yoke.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) The noun goes back to [[ine-pro|*(H)iugo-|t=yoke]], from the root of [[m|la|iungō|t=to join, yoke]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's first example is from Laevius, who asks why the Sun lets out his fiery reins and binds them closer to the earth.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The verb meant to fasten or join one thing to another,^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) and in farming, as in Columella, to tie a vine to the cross-bars of a [[m|en|trellis]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Poets used it for joining in marriage: Catullus writes that Thetis' father saw that Peleus should be joined to her, and Virgil has the pluperfect ''iugārat'' of a first marriage arranged by a father.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

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+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it means to bind, connect or yoke.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 2nd/1st century BC – Laevius uses it for binding the Sun's reins to the earth.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus uses it for joining in marriage.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses ''iugārat'' of a marriage.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella uses it for tying vines to a trellis.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|fasten]], bind, [[m|en|join]] (to something).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(agriculture)'' To tie a [[m|en|vine]] to horizontal bars.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To join in [[m|en|marriage]], couple.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' To [[m|en|yoke]], connect.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[abiugō]]

+ * [[adiugō]]

+ * [[coniugō]]

+ * [[dēiugō]]

+ * [[dīiugō]]

+ * [[iniugātus]]

+ * [[iugabilis]]

+ * [[iugātiō]]

+ * [[iugator]]

+ * [[sēiugō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A separate verb ''iūgō'' (or ''iūgiō''), of the third conjugation and imitative in origin, meant to utter the cry of the kite; it is known only through a passage of Varro quoted by Nonius, and through a gloss.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

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+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}