tundo Latin · revision 3569

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *(s)tewd-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈtʊn.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈtun.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''tundō''' (present infinitive tundere, perfect active tutudī or tūsī, supine tūnsum or tūssum or tūsum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*(s)tund-e/o-|t=to thrust]], [[inh|ine-pro|*(s)tu-n-d-|t=to thrust]], a present with a nasal infix from the root [[m|ine-pro|*(s)tewd-]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Cognate with [[sga|do·tuit|t=falls]], [[sa|तुदति|tr=tudáti|t=thrusts]], [[got|𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽|tr=stautan|t=to push]] and [[de|stoßen|t=to push]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus onwards,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) who asks why the woodpecker is pecking at the elm.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to beat with repeated blows, to thump or buffet, as Cicero's striking someone's eyes and sides, and women beating their breasts in Virgil.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It meant to pound or crush ingredients to a powder, as Vitruvius' pounded potsherds.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ''Eandem incudem tundere'', “to hammer the same anvil”, was Cicero's phrase for doing the same thing over and over.^(Gaffiot 2016) Figuratively it meant to keep on at someone, to harangue.^(Wiktionary) Its compound ''contundere'' gave English ''contusion''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a woodpecker pecking.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses ''eandem incudem tundere''.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius uses it of pounded potsherds.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1400 – English ''contusion'' comes from its compound.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To beat, strike, [[m|en|thump]], buffet.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To pound, crush, [[m|en|bruise]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To keep on at, harangue.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[contundō]]

+ * [[dētundō]]

+ * [[extundō]]

+ * [[intundo]]

+ * [[obtundō]]

+ * [[pertundō]]

+ * [[retundō]]

+ * [[subtundō]]

+ * [[tudes]]

+ * [[fustitudinus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|contusion]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}