englisch German · revision 35536

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1215–1225, Rudolf von Ems, Der guote Gêrhart|origins=ang Engle}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈɛŋ.lɪʃ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''englisch''' (strong nominative masculine singular englischer, not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|englisch]], also [[m|gmh|engelsch]],^(DWB2|8, 1332)^(Lexer 1872|1, 558) formed from the first part of the name [[England]] with the suffix [[-isch]].^(DWB2|8, 1332)^(Wiktionary) The name of the country goes back to [[ang|Engle|t=the Angles]].^(DWB2|8, 1332) The same formation is [[gml|engelsch]] and [[dum|engelsc]].^(DWB2|8, 1332) Wiktionary also allows for direct influence of the English adjective.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's earliest record is Rudolf von Ems' ''Der guote Gêrhart'' (1215–1225).^(Köbler MHD) Lexer and the revised Grimm dictionary quote Ulrich von dem Türlin (1261/69): ''englisch harpfen und welisch videln'' “English harps and Romance fiddles”.^(DWB2|8, 1332)^(Lexer 1872|1, 558)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Early New High German the adjective described what came from, was made in or was usual in England: cloth, the clergy, the language.^(FWB) Many names of things were formed with it, such as ''englische Meile'' in the Middle High German prose ''Lancelot'', ''der englische Schweiß'' for the sweating sickness (1536) and ''die englische Krankheit'' for rickets (1692).^(DWB2|8, 1332) The Duden dictionary explains the name of rickets by its first description in Britain.^(Duden GWDS 1999) ''Engellisch reden'' “to speak English” is recorded in 1664.^(DWB2|8, 1332)

+

+ The Grimms complained that the form mixed up the senses “English” and “angelic”.^(DWB|3, 481) In cooking ''englisch'' means “rare”, of meat cooked so that it is still red inside.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1215–1225 – In Rudolf von Ems' ''Der guote Gêrhart''.^(Köbler MHD)

+ * 1261/69 – ''englisch harpfen'' in Ulrich von dem Türlin.^(DWB2|8, 1332)

+ * 1536 – ''der englische Schweiß'', the sweating sickness, in an Augsburg chronicle.^(DWB2|8, 1332)

+ * 1664 – ''engellisch reden'' “to speak English” in Duez's dictionary.^(DWB2|8, 1332)

+ * 1692 – ''englische Krankheit'' “rickets”.^(DWB2|8, 1332)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|English|alt=English]]: relating to England or the English: ''ein englischer Landschaftsgarten''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary) ''englisches Vollblut'', the Thoroughbred horse;^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary) ''(dated)'' ''die englische Krankheit'', [[m|en|rickets]].^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # In the English language: ''Der Vertrag ist englisch abgefasst.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # ''(colloquial)'' British.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # ''(cooking)'' [[m|en|rare]], still red inside: ''das Roastbeef englisch braten''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Englisch]]

+ * [[Englischhorn]]

+ * [[englisieren]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[England]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ An older adjective ''englisch'' “angelic”, Middle High German ''engelisch'', was formed from [[Engel]] after Latin ''angelicus''; it is recorded from 1060/65 (the ''Wiener Genesis'') and has been going out of use since the 19th century.^(DWB2|8, 1331) It survives in ''der Englische Gruß'', the Hail Mary, after the angel Gabriel's greeting.^(DWB2|8, 1331) The Grimms counted the nuns called ''Englische Fräulein'' under this word,^(DWB|3, 481) but the Duden dictionary explains the name by the congregation's founder, the Englishwoman Mary Ward.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}