Programm German · revision 35055

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1700|origins=grc γράφω}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /proˈɡram/, [pʁoˈɡʁäm]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Programm''' ''n'' (genitive Programmes or Programms, plural Programme, diminutive Progrämmchen n)^(Wiktionary)

+ At first it kept the Greek-Latin form ''Programma''; the German form ''Programm'' appears about 1800.^(Pfeifer 1993) Jean Paul has a weak plural ''Programmen''.^(DWB|13, 2163)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|programma|t=public notice, proclamation]], partly through [[fr|programme]], from [[grc|πρόγραμμα|tr=prógramma|t=public notice, agenda]].^(Kluge 2011|725)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(DWB|13, 2163) The Greek noun belongs to [[m|grc|προγράφω|tr=prográphō|t=to write before, to give public notice]], from [[m|grc|πρό|tr=pró|t=before]] and [[m|grc|γράφω|tr=gráphō|t=to write]].^(Kluge 2011|725)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2014|658) The sense in computing came from English.^(Kluge 2011|725)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The word was borrowed about 1700, in the Greek-Latin form ''Programma'', meaning a public notice or a written invitation.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002) Kluge dates it to the 18th century.^(Kluge 2011|725)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its first senses were “public announcement” and “invitation”, and until the early 20th century it also meant the learned essay printed by a school (a sense English borrowed as ''programma'' in 1820).^(Paul 2002)^(LWP) From the order of events at a performance or concert it came to mean the sequence of items offered, the printed list of them and today above all the daily offer of radio and television.^(Paul 2002)^(Pfeifer 1993) The sense “aims and principles”, especially of a political party, dates from the middle of the 19th century;^(Paul 2002)^(DWB|13, 2163) Gustav Freytag mocks the ''programme'' of new ministers.^(Paul 2002)^(DWB|13, 2163)

+

+ The computing sense, a set of instructions for a computer, is recorded from 1947, after English.^(Paul 2002)^(Pfeifer 1993) The verb ''programmieren'' and ''Programmierer'' followed in the middle of the 20th century, and the participle ''vorprogrammiert'' “bound to happen” is now common.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1700 – ''Programma'' is borrowed in the sense “public notice”.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002)

+ * c. 1800 – The German form ''Programm'' appears.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 19th century – ''programmatisch'' appears.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * Mid-19th century – The sense “political aims, manifesto” appears.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1947 – The computing sense is recorded.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The whole of the shows offered by a [[m|en|theatre]], cinema, radio or television station, also a channel: ''Das Spiel läuft im dritten Programm.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The planned order of events at a performance or meeting, a [[m|en|programme]]: ''Das Programm des Abends war abwechslungsreich.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # A plan, the fixed details of an undertaking, a [[m|en|schedule]]: ''Für morgen haben wir ein volles Programm.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # A sequence of operations set on a machine: ''das Schonprogramm der Waschmaschine''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # A printed sheet or booklet about an event.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # A statement of aims and [[m|en|principle|alt=principles]], as of a party: ''das Programm der Partei''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Paul 2002)

+ # ''(computing)'' A computer [[m|en|program]].^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[programmieren]]

+ * [[programmatisch]]

+ * [[Programmatik]]

+ * [[Programmierer]]

+ * [[Fernsehprogramm]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Grafik]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Nach Programm'' means “as planned, as expected”, and ''auf dem Programm stehen'' “to be planned”.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}