jährig German · revision 34841

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=9th century, Old High German|origins=ine-pro *i̯ēro-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈjɛːʁɪç/, /ˈjeːʁɪç/, /ˈjɛːʁɪk/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''jährig''' (strong nominative masculine singular jähriger, not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|jærec]], [[inh|goh|jārīg]], an adjective formed from the noun that is now [[Jahr]] with the suffix [[-ig]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2007)^(Wiktionary)^(Duden GWDS 1999) That noun goes back to [[gem-pro|*jērą|t=year]], also continued in [[got|𐌾𐌴𐍂|tr=jēr]], [[non|ár]], [[ang|gēar]] and [[ofs|jēr]].^(Kluge 2011|454)^(Kroonen 2013)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ Outside Germanic the noun is compared with [[ae|yār-|t=year]], [[grc|ὥρα|tr=hṓra|t=season, hour]] and [[la|hōrnus|t=of this year]], and Pfeifer reconstructs [[ine-pro|*i̯ēro-|t=year, summer]].^(Kluge 2011|454)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2007) Kluge starts from a sense “spring”, since years were counted by springs.^(Kluge 2011|454) A derivation from the root [[ine-pro|*ei-|t=to go]], with an original sense “course (of the sun)”, is considered by Pfeifer and the Duden, but Kluge calls it very uncertain.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2007)^(Kluge 2011|454)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''jārīg'' is recorded from the 9th century, meaning “one year old”.^(Pfeifer 1993) Middle High German ''jārec'', ''jæric'' meant “one year old”, “yearly” and “of full age”.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The Grimms' dictionary gives three uses: “a year old” (''ein jähriges Kind'' in Platen), “a year ago” or “lasting a year”, and “yearly”, as in Luther's ''ire jerige narung'' “their yearly food”.^(DWB|10, 2243) The sense “of age” is found in Middle High German, where it referred to mental maturity rather than legal age, and is continued in ''volljährig'' and ''minderjährig''.^(DWB|10, 2243) Adelung, around 1800, also recorded the impersonal ''es ist jährig'' “it is a year since”.^(Adelung 1793)

+

+ Compounds were the main use from early on: [[einjährig]] is recorded in the 16th century, [[minderjährig]] and [[volljährig]] in the 18th.^(Pfeifer 1993) The simple adjective has become dated, and today the word lives mainly as the second part of such compounds.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Duden 7 2007)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 9th century – Old High German ''jārīg'' is recorded.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 16th century – ''einjährig'' appears.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 16th century – Luther uses ''jerig'' for “yearly”.^(DWB|10, 2243)

+ * 18th century – ''minderjährig'' and ''volljährig'' appear.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 1793 – Adelung records ''es ist jährig'' “it is a year ago”.^(Adelung 1793)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # ''(dated)'' One year [[m|en|old]]: ''ein jähriges Kalb''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(dated)'' Lasting one year.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ # ''(dated)'' In ''jährig werden'': to be a year since something happened, to reach its first [[m|en|anniversary]].^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[einjährig]]

+ * [[minderjährig]]

+ * [[volljährig]]

+ * [[großjährig]]

+ * [[halbjährig]]

+ * [[vierteljährig]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Jahr]]

+ * [[jährlich]]

+ * [[jähren]]

+ * [[verjähren]]

+ * [[heuer]]

+ * [[en|year]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The word is now used chiefly in compounds with numerals and other words, such as ''zweijährig'', ''hundertjährig'', ''volljährig'' and ''minderjährig''.^(Duden 7 2007)^(Adelung 1793)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}