audenter Latin · revision 34660

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1st century AD|origins=la avidus}}

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+ ==Forms==

+ '''audenter''' (comparative ''audentius''); adverb^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

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+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|audēns|-ter]],^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) from the present participle of [[m|la|audeō|t=to dare]].^(Wiktionary) De Vaan derives that verb from [[m|la|avidus|t=greedy]]: it first meant “to want very much”, a sense still seen in Plautus' ⟨sōdēs⟩ “if you please”, and then “to dare”.^(de Vaan 2008)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler records it first in Quintilian,^(Köbler 2010) who says that some words can be put in “more boldly”, ''audentius''.^(Georges 1913)^(TLL) The TLL's other early examples, from Valerius Flaccus, Statius and Frontinus, are also of the comparative.^(TLL)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the 1st century AD it means boldly or fearlessly: Statius uses it of taunting an enemy, and Tacitus of advancing and of surrounding someone more boldly.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016) It could also be used in a bad sense, audaciously or rashly: Suetonius reports that Pliny accused Gaetulicus of lying all too boldly.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

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+ The positive ''audenter'' is used by the jurist Ulpian and in the Vulgate's Acts of the Apostles, of speaking boldly.^(Georges 1913)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian uses the comparative ''audentius''.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus uses it of advancing boldly.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 75–c. 150 AD – Suetonius uses it in the sense “rashly”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * before 223 AD – Ulpian uses the positive ''audenter dīcere''.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 390–406 AD – The Vulgate uses it in the Acts of the Apostles.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

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+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|boldly|alt=Boldly]], [[m|en|fearlessly]].^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # [[m|en|audaciously|alt=Audaciously]], presumptuously, [[m|en|rashly]].^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[audēns]]

+ * [[audeō]]

+ * [[audācter]]

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+ ==Usage notes==

+ Gaffiot notes that no superlative is recorded,^(Gaffiot 2016) although Wiktionary's head gives ''audentissimē''.^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}