coniugalis Latin · revision 34533

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Varro (116–27 BC)|origins=la iungō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [kɔn.jʊˈɡaː.lɪs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [kon.juˈɡaː.lis]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''coniugālis''' (neuter coniugāle); third-declension two-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|coniūnx|-ālis|t1=spouse]] according to the OLD and the TLL;^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) Wiktionary instead derives it from [[m|la|coniugō|t=to join in marriage]].^(Wiktionary) The noun is a compound of [[m|la|con-]] with the root of [[m|la|iungō|t=to join, yoke]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The earliest example is in Varro, who speaks of a couch spread in the house for the marriage gods ''dīs coniugālibus Pīlumnō et Pīcumnō''.^(TLL) De Vaan likewise dates it from Varro,^(de Vaan 2008) while L&S thought it probably not earlier than Augustus.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means belonging to marriage, as in conjugal love and the gods who preside over marriage (Seneca, Tacitus).^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Conte 2010) It could also mean belonging to a husband or wife, and Columella calls the hens of a cock its ''coniugālis grex''.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) Inscriptions use it of a faithful spouse.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Pliny may use it as the name of a kind of myrtle.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church writers speak of conjugal faith and the conjugal bond, and of conjugal chastity beside that of virgins and widows.^(Georges 1913) In Medieval Latin it was also used as a noun, “husband” or “wife”.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro speaks of the ''dī coniugālēs'' Pilumnus and Picumnus.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca's ''Medea'' opens with an appeal to the ''dī coniugālēs''.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella calls a cock's hens its ''coniugālis grex''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus uses it of the gods of marriage.^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 125–175 AD – Apuleius uses it of what belongs to a spouse.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Of [[m|en|marriage]], [[m|en|conjugal]], marital;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) (of gods) presiding over marriage.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Belonging to a husband or wife.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+ # Consisting of wives (of a cock's hens).^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(inscriptions, of a spouse)'' [[m|en|faithful|alt=Faithful]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+ # ''(doubtful)'' The name of a kind of [[m|en|myrtle]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A [[m|en|spouse]], husband or wife.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[coniugium]]

+ * [[iungō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}