trimus Latin · revision 34472

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la hiems}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈtriː.mʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈtriː.mus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''trīmus''' (feminine trīma, neuter trīmum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|tri-|hiems|t1=three|t2=winter]], literally “three winters old”, like [[bīmus]] “two years old”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan explains that these numeral compounds keep the double zero grade of the word for winter, [[itc-pro|*-χim-o-|t=so many winters old]], from [[ine-pro|*ǵhim-ós|t=winter]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognates of [[m|la|hiems]] include [[sga|gaim|t=winter]], [[hit|gimm-|t=winter]] and [[sa|हिमा|tr=hímā-|t=winter]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler records it first in Plautus,^(Köbler 2010) where in the ''Rudens'' a father speaks of a daughter lost to him at three years old (''filia, trima quae periit mihi'').^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means three years old, of children, as in Horace's ''trimus'', a child of three, and Velleius, and of animals such as cows, foals, mares, goats and pigs in Varro, Horace, Petronius and the Vulgate;^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Pliny the Elder uses it of a tree.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Varro has ''a trimo'' and ''a trima'', from the age of three, of breeding livestock.^(OLD 2012) In the jurists ''trima die'' means at the end of three years, a period for payment.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) Medieval writers in Britain still use it, also as a noun, of a child of three.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a daughter lost at the age of three.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of cattle and foals.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it of a child of three.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * before 223 AD – Ulpian uses ''trima die'' of a payment due at the end of three years.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * Medieval Latin – William of Malmesbury uses it of a girl barely three years old.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Three years old.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''a trimo, a trima'': from the age of three.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''trima die'': at the end of three years.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[trīmātus]]

+ * [[trīmulus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[bīmus]]

+ * [[quadrīmus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}