contrudo Latin · revision 34349

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=96–55 BC, Lucretius|origins=la trūdō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [kɔnˈtruː.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [konˈtruː.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''contrūdō''' (present infinitive contrūdere, perfect active contrūsī, supine contrūsum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|con-|trūdō|t2=to push, thrust]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan traces the simple verb to [[itc-pro|*treude/o-]] and [[ine-pro|*treud-|t=to push, thrust]], and compares [[cy|cythrudd|t=to vex]], [[lt|triū̃sas|t=work, effort, pains]] and [[non|þrjóta|t=to lack]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The earliest examples in Lewis and Short and the TLL are in Lucretius,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010) who uses it of the force of the wind driving clouds together and of the current that seems to thrust a horse's body upstream.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lewis and Short describe it as mostly pre-classical.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lucretius also uses it of bodies lying heaped together deep in the huts, ''penitusque casa contrusa iacebant corpora''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) It is used of cramming or stowing things away: Varro of pressing grapes into jars,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Cicero of people crowded into the baths.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Ammianus Marcellinus uses it of a person thrust off to an island.^(Georges 1913)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of clouds and bodies crowded together.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of pressing grapes into jars.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of crowding people into the baths.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 390 AD – Ammianus Marcellinus uses it of thrusting someone away to an island.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|thrust]] or drive in a given direction; to crowd together.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To thrust away into a container or place, [[m|en|cram]], [[m|en|stow]].^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}