exsors Latin · revision 34212

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=70–19 BC, Virgil|origins=la sors}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈɛks.sɔrs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈɛks.sors]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''exsors''' (genitive exsortis); third-declension one-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''exors'', which the manuscripts very often have.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ex-|sors|t2=lot]], “without a lot”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|sors]] to [[itc-pro|*sorti-]] and [[ine-pro|*sr̥-ti-|t=joining, joint]].^(de Vaan 2008) Isidore explained it in the same way, as “outside the lot”.^(Isidore)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler records it first in Virgil,^(Köbler 2010) who uses it of an honour not decided by lot, and of a horse given to Aeneas as a special choice: ''ducunt exsortem Aeneae''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its first sense is assigned specially, not by lot, and of persons exempt from a lottery.^(OLD 2012) Valerius Flaccus uses it of choice portions of the victims taken out beforehand.^(Georges 1913) From not taking part in a drawing it came to mean having no share in, deprived of or exempt from something, usually with a genitive: Virgil's dead infants are ''dulcis vitae exsortes'', and Livy, Horace and Tacitus have it of those excluded from an alliance, from a role or from danger.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016) Jerome uses it in the sense outstanding, exceptional, and Sidonius with a dative.^(Gaffiot 2016) Medieval British writers keep the sense having no share in, as Bede of those cut off from grace, Alcuin of a body without breath, and later authors of those without the Christian faith or free from sin.^(DMLBS) In Ecclesiastical Latin it means deprived of, without.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of a choice not decided by lot and of those deprived of life.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of those excluded from an alliance.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 383–419/420 AD – Jerome uses it in the sense exceptional.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 560–636 AD – Isidore explains it as “outside the lot”.^(Isidore)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Assigned specially and not by [[m|en|lot]], choice; of persons, [[m|en|exempt]] from a lottery.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Having no share in, [[m|en|deprived]] of, exempt from (with genitive).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+ # ''(Late Latin)'' Outstanding, [[m|en|exceptional]].^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sors]]

+ * [[cōnsors]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}