nonaginta Latin · revision 34178

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=116–27 BC, Varro|origins=ine-pro *h₁neun-dḱmt-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [noː.naːˈɡɪn.taː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [no.naˈd͡ʒin.ta]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''nōnāgintā''' (indeclinable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*nounāgəmtā]],^(Wiktionary) from [[ine-pro|*h₁neun-dḱmt-|t=nine tens]], probably through an older form ⟨*nūnāgintā⟩.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Like the other tens in ⟨-gintā⟩, it was first a compound of the lower numeral, here [[m|la|novem|t=nine]], with the neuter plural of a noun [[ine-pro|*dḱmt-|t=decad]].^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan explains its long ⟨ō⟩ in two ways: the word was either based on a form ⟨*nōngintā⟩ or remade after the ordinal [[m|la|nōnus|t=ninth]].^(de Vaan 2008) Its ending ⟨-āgintā⟩ was taken over from [[m|la|trīgintā|t=thirty]] and [[m|la|quadrāgintā|t=forty]], as in the other higher tens.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[grc|ἐνενήκοντα|tr=enenḗkonta|t=ninety]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan records it first in Varro;^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler's earliest source is Cicero.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is an indeclinable numeral throughout.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) Cicero says of Masinissa that he is ''nōnāgintā nātus annōs'', “ninety years old”, and Tacitus and Ausonius use it too.^(Conte 2010)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In British Medieval Latin it also forms compound numerals, as in Bede's ''nōnāgintā novem ovibus'', the ninety-nine sheep left behind by the shepherd.^(DMLBS) Conte compares [[it|novanta]].^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro has the earliest attestation.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero writes ''nōnāgintā nātus annōs'' of Masinissa.^(Conte 2010)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus uses it in the ''Annals''.^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 310–394 AD – Ausonius uses it in a letter.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 639–709 AD – Aldhelm writes of a book on ninety heresies.^(DMLBS)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Numeral===

+ # [[m|en|ninety|alt=Ninety]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[nōnāgēnī]]

+ * [[nōnāgēsimus]]

+ * [[nonagessis]]

+ * [[nōnāgiēns]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[novem]]

+ * [[nōnus]]

+ * [[octōgintā]]

+ * [[en|ninety]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}