deformo Latin · revision 34032

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=204–169 BC, Ennius|origins=la fōrma}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [deːˈfoːr.moː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [deˈfɔr.mo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dēfōrmō''' (present infinitive dēfōrmāre, perfect active dēfōrmāvī, supine dēfōrmātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|dē-|fōrmō|t2=to shape]];^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) the TLL derives it from [[m|la|dē-]] and either that verb or [[m|la|fōrma|t=shape]].^(TLL) Wiktionary sees two sources with two different meanings, the prefixed verb “to shape, outline” and a verb made from [[m|la|dēfōrmis|t=misshapen]] “to disfigure”, and Lewis & Short give them separate entries, while the OLD treats them as one word.^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL finds it from Ennius, Plautus and Cato on.^(TLL) Ennius has walls that stand disfigured, and Cato uses it of laying out garden beds.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In one set of senses it is to give an outline to, lay out or shape, as Cato's beds, and to arrange a plan, as Plautus has a character who had everything settled and laid out.^(OLD 2012) It is to portray or model, as Vitruvius says painters and sculptors show Atlas holding up the world, and to sketch in words, describe, as Cicero speaks of the man he described above.^(OLD 2012) In the other it is to spoil the appearance of, disfigure: Accius has someone disfigured by a foul wound, and Virgil leanness disfiguring a face.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Apuleius uses it of transforming an innkeeper into a frog.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it is to bring shame on, and to spoil or impair abstract things, as Cicero asks what can be called more defiled, deformed and perverted.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin glosses it disfigure, engrave, delineate.^(Stelten 1995) English ''deform'' (c. 1400) came through Old French and directly from Latin.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius of disfigured walls.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato of laying out beds.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius of portraying Atlas.^(OLD 2012)

+ * c. 125–175 AD – Apuleius of a transformation into a frog.^(OLD 2012)

+ * c. 1400 – English ''deform''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To outline, lay out, shape; to arrange a plan.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To portray, model; to describe, [[m|en|delineate]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To [[m|en|disfigure]], [[m|en|deform]], spoil the appearance of; to transform into something uglier.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To [[m|en|disgrace]]; to spoil, impair.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dēfōrmātiō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[formo|alt=fōrmō]]

+ * [[deformis|alt=dēfōrmis]]

+ * [[forma|alt=fōrma]]

+ * [[en|deform]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}