pandus Latin · revision 33221

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=204–169 BC, Ennius|origins=ine-pro *pt-n(é)-h₂-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈpan.dʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈpan.dus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pandus''' (feminine panda, neuter pandum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|pandō|-us|t1=to spread out]].^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan calls it a new creation from that verb, which he traces to [[itc-pro|*pandn-]] and the nasal present [[ine-pro|*pt-n(é)-h₂-|t=to spread]];^(de Vaan 2008) cognate with [[grc|πίτνημι|tr=pítnēmi|t=to spread out]] and [[osc|patensíns|t=to open]].^(de Vaan 2008) Wiktionary adds that [[m|la|pandō|alt=pandāre]] “to bend” was made from the adjective.^(Wiktionary) The TLL calls the origin uncertain; the grammarians derived it from the verb.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Ennius has it first,^(Köbler 2010)^(de Vaan 2008) of a high sail that will carry the curved keel.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means curving round, of things turned up at the ends or hollow, as keels in Ennius and Virgil;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) of things bent down at the ends, bowed, as Ovid's yokes and boughs bent by the weight of autumn;^(OLD 2012) and of timber, warped, in Vitruvius.^(OLD 2012) Ovid also has cows with curved horns, dolphins and a crook-backed ass, and Martial a jug with a curved handle.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lewis & Short note that it is mostly poetic, though Quintilian has a man described as dark, thin and bent.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lucilius has a comparative.^(TLL) Döderlein says it is a slight bend, deviating only a little from straight.^(Döderlein 1874) It was a Roman cognomen, as of Latinius Pandus in Tacitus.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius, of a curved keel.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius has the comparative.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil, of keels.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius, of warped timber.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid, of yokes, horns and branches.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|curved|alt=Curved]] round, hollow, with upturned ends.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # With ends turned down, arched, [[m|en|bowed]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Of timber, [[m|en|warped]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pandō]]

+ * [[repandus]]

+ * [[pateō]]

+ * [[curvus]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein distinguishes [[curvus]], any crookedness from a slight bend to a full circle, [[uncus]], a strong curve like a hook, and ''pandus'', a slight one.^(Döderlein 1874) Medieval ''pandus'' “pledge; woodstack”, also ''pannus'', is a separate word of Germanic origin.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}