hastile Latin · revision 32844

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la hasta}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [hasˈtiː.ɫɛ]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [asˈtiː.le]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''hastīle''' ''n'' (genitive hastīlis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''astīle''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|hasta|-īle|t1=spear]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan thinks [[m|la|hasta]], from [[itc-pro|*χastā-]], probably not of Indo-European origin but a loanword shared with Celtic and Germanic, as [[mga|gat|t=osier, withe]] and [[goh|gart|t=goad]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008) In the OLD's earliest quotation for the spear, Ennius writes that a shield's boss rings with spears.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is the shaft of a spear or javelin: Cicero has a man leaning on a spear shaft, and Livy a missile with a shaft of fir.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In verse it is the spear itself.^(OLD 2012) It is also any spear-like stem, rod or cane: Virgil tells the vine grower to fit shafts of peeled rods and ash stakes.^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short note the spelling ⟨astīle⟩.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin uses it of a staff, and of the staff of a processional cross.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius of spears ringing on a shield.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a spear shaft.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of rods for vines.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The [[m|en|shaft]] of a spear or [[m|en|javelin]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # In verse, a spear, javelin.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A spear-like stem, rod, cane, pole.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' A staff; the staff of a processional cross.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[hastīliārius]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[hasta]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}