fumosus Latin · revision 32798

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=234–149 BC, Cato|origins=ine-pro *dʰuh₂-mó-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [fuːˈmoː.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [fuˈmɔː.s̬us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''fūmōsus''' (feminine fūmōsa, neuter fūmōsum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|fūmus|-ōsus|t1=smoke]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan traces [[m|la|fūmus]] to [[itc-pro|*fūmo-]] and [[ine-pro|*dʰuh₂-mó-|t=smoke, fume]], comparing [[sa|धूम|tr=dhūmá-|t=smoke, fume]], [[grc|θυμός|tr=thūmós|t=spirit]], [[lt|dū́mai|t=smoke]] and [[goh|toum|t=steam]].^(de Vaan 2008) He notes that the long vowel of the noun is unexpected and has been explained by analogy with [[m|la|fūlīgō|t=soot]] and [[m|la|suffiō|t=to fumigate]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Cato,^(de Vaan 2008) who uses it in his treatise on farming of a flame that will come out less smoky and of smoky firewood.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its senses are full of smoke or blackened by smoke, giving off smoke, and smoked.^(OLD 2012) Virgil has wine-press strainers taken down from smoky roofs, Tibullus wine jars grimy from smoke, and Horace smoked hams.^(OLD 2012) Cicero speaks of smoke-darkened ancestral portraits, and Martial calls December smoky because of the fires lit in it.^(Lewis & Short 1879) The TLL notes that manuscripts sometimes confuse it with [[famosus|alt=fāmōsus]], and that it lives on in Italian [[m|it|fumoso]] and French [[m|fr|fumeux]].^(TLL)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato of a less smoky flame and of smoky firewood.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of smoke-darkened portraits.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of smoky roofs.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace of smoked hams.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 55–19/18 BC – Tibullus of smoke-grimed wine jars.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 40–102/103 AD – Martial of smoky December.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Full of [[m|en|smoke]], [[m|en|smoky]]; blackened by smoke.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Giving off much smoke.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Of food, [[m|en|smoked]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fumus|alt=fūmus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}