coniuro Latin · revision 32295

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Senatus consultum de Bacchanalibus|origins=la iūs}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [kɔnˈjuː.roː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [konˈjuː.ro]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''coniūrō''' (present infinitive coniūrāre, perfect active coniūrāvī, supine coniūrātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ The Senatus consultum de Bacchanalibus has the archaic perfect infinitive ''coniourase''.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|con-|iūrō|t1=with, together|t2=to swear]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan derives [[m|la|iūrō]] from [[m|la|iūs|t=law, oath]] through a denominative verb [[itc-pro|*jowes-ā-je-]], and [[m|la|iūs]] from an s-stem [[itc-pro|*jowos]], which he takes back to a Proto-Indo-European word for vital force.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The earliest example in the OLD is the decree of the Senate on the Bacchanalia, which forbids anyone to swear together with others.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is first to take an oath together, as when Caesar has the young men of Italy sworn in for service, and of states to form a league by oath: Virgil has all Latium binding itself in alarm.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) More often it is to join in a plot or conspiracy, as in Cicero's “I would rather have conspired than resisted the conspiracy”.^(OLD 2012) A scholiast on Horace says that conspiring is sometimes said of good men, but coniurāre only of bad.^(TLL) The perfect participle has active sense, and ''coniūrātī'' are the sworn conspirators.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) The poem ''Aetna'' uses it of winds acting in unison.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar of young men sworn in for service.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of joining a conspiracy.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of Latium binding itself together.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 13th century – English [[m|en|conjure]], first “command on oath”, is borrowed through Old French and directly.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To swear together, take an [[m|en|oath]] together; of enemies, to form a league.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|conspire]], join in a plot.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(poetic)'' Of things, to act in unison.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[coniūrātiō]]

+ * [[coniūrātor]]

+ * [[coniūrātus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[abiūrō]]

+ * [[iūro]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}