contubernalis Latin · revision 31903

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=c. 180–102 BC, Lucilius|origins=la trabs}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''contubernālis''' ''m'' (genitive contubernālis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Inscriptions also have ''contibernalis''.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+ Lucilius splits it in tmesis, ''conque tubernalem''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|con-|taberna|-ālis|t2=hut, booth]],^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) beside [[m|la|contubernium|t=sharing a tent]].^(Lewis & Short 1879) De Vaan takes [[m|la|taberna]] as a derivative of [[m|la|trabs|t=beam]] with the first /r/ lost by dissimilation, originally “wooden shed”, and rejects the doubts of Ernout and Meillet.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Lucilius already has it, split in tmesis;^(OLD 2012) Köbler's first source is Cicero.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the army it is a soldier sharing the same tent, a comrade-in-arms, and specifically a young man attached to a general's staff for training, as in Cicero's ''Brutus''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) More generally it is someone living under the same roof, a housemate or intimate friend.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In law it is a slave's partner, living as husband or wife without that status, as in Columella.^(OLD 2012) In medieval Latin it means a peer, a person of the same legal status.^(Niermeyer 1976) English ''contubernal'' “tent-mate” dates from 1842.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius has it in tmesis.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a general's young aide and of intimate friends.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella of a slave's partner.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(military)'' A tent-companion, [[m|en|comrade]]; a young man trained on a general's staff.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|housemate]], intimate friend.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(law)'' A slave's partner.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A [[m|en|peer]], someone of the same legal status.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[contubernium]]

+ * [[taberna]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}