operosus Latin · revision 31893

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *h₃ep-os}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɔ.pɛˈroː.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [o.peˈrɔː.s̬us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''operōsus''' (feminine operōsa, neuter operōsum, comparative operōsior, superlative operōsissimus); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|opera|-ōsus|t1=work, effort]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) The noun [[m|la|opera]] belongs to [[m|la|opus|t=work]],^(Wiktionary) which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*opes-|t=work]] and [[ine-pro|*h₃ep-os|t=work]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[osc|upsed|t=erected]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first source is Cicero,^(Köbler 2010) who says that old age is not idle but busy and always doing something.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Of persons it means devoting much care to a task, diligent or painstaking, and in Ovid of a herb, active or effective.^(OLD 2012) Of tasks it is laborious or hard, as Cicero's “it is a laborious business and needs a very careful man”, and Pliny the Elder uses it of a busy time of year for farmers.^(OLD 2012) Of things it means made with much effort, elaborate, as in Cicero's law that no tomb should be more elaborate than ten men could make in three days.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin glosses it “active, busy, industrious, painstaking, toilsome, laborious”,^(Stelten 1995) and in Medieval Latin it means decorated.^(Niermeyer 1976) English [[m|en|operose]] is from the 1670s.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a busy old age and of elaborate tombs.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid of an effective herb.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder of a busy season.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1670s – Borrowed into English as [[m|en|operose]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|painstaking|alt=Painstaking]], diligent, busy, [[m|en|industrious]]; of a remedy, effective.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|laborious|alt=Laborious]], hard; of time, busy.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Made with much effort, [[m|en|elaborate]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Decorated.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[operōsitās]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[opera]]

+ * [[opus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}