heros Latin · revision 31516

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=234–149 BC, Cato|origins=grc ἥρως}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈheː.roːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈɛː.ros]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''hērōs''' ''m'' (genitive hērōis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|ἥρως|tr=hḗrōs|t=hero, demigod]].^(OLD 2012)^(Saalfeld 1874)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) It keeps Greek inflection, with genitive ⟨hērōos⟩ or ⟨hērōis⟩ and accusative plural ⟨hērōas⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Cato.^(Köbler 2010) The OLD's earliest quotation is Cicero on imitating the ancient misfortunes of heroes in speeches.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a mythical hero or demigod, as Virgil's child who will see heroes mingled with the gods, and his great-souled heroes in the underworld.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero applies it to a man of heroic qualities, calling Cato “our hero”, and in Persius it seems to be used as an adjective, heroic.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ In medieval Latin it took the sense lord or baron under the influence of the Frankish word ⟨hero⟩ “lord”, and also saint, especially a martyr.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – First recorded in Cato.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of the misfortunes of heroes and of Cato as a hero.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of heroes among the gods.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 34–62 AD – Persius of heroic feelings.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|demigod]], mythical [[m|en|hero]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A man of heroic qualities, an illustrious man.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A lord, [[m|en|baron]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A saint, especially a [[m|en|martyr]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[hērōicē]]

+ * [[hērōicus]]

+ * [[hērōīna]]

+ * [[hērōis]]

+ * [[hērōus]]

+ * [[sēmideus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}