subigo Latin · revision 30830

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=c. 235–200 BC, Naevius|origins=la sub-, ine-pro *h₂eǵ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈsʊ.bɪ.ɡoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈsuː.bi.ɡo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''subigō''' (present infinitive subigere, perfect active subēgī, supine subāctum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Cicero, in verse, scans the ⟨u⟩ long.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|sub-|agō|t1=under, from below|t2=to drive]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|agō]] to [[itc-pro|*ag-e/o-]] and [[ine-pro|*h₂eǵ-e/o-|t=to drive, lead]], cognate with [[osc|acum|t=to act]], [[sga|aigid|t=drives]] and [[grc|ἄγω|tr=ágō|t=to lead]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Naevius has all brought under one judgment (''subiguntur sub ūnum iūdicium'').^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The prefix first gives “to drive from below, push up”, as Virgil's rower who barely forces his boat upstream, and “to drive under”: sheep under shady rocks (Varro), oxen under the yoke, people under an authority.^(OLD 2012) It is to break in animals and train people (Livy's men hardened by so many wars), and above all to subdue a country, as the elogium of a Roman general who subdued the Aequi and Volsci, and to crush a person's spirit.^(OLD 2012) Plautus often uses it of being driven or forced to do something.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ A farming sense is to work up into a soft mass: Cato has flour kneaded with water and soil worked with the spade.^(OLD 2012) From this it is to grind, to card wool (Ovid's Arachne), to rub or massage, to polish, and to whet axes on the whetstone (Virgil).^(OLD 2012) Church Latin glosses it “bring under, dig up, cultivate, tame, subjugate, train, force”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius of bringing under one judgment.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus in the sense “to force”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato of kneading and of working the soil.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of men hardened by war.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of whetting axes.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To push up; to drive or bring under.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To break in, [[m|en|tame]]; to train.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To [[m|en|subdue]], [[m|en|subjugate]], conquer.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To force, compel (to do something).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To knead; to work, [[m|en|cultivate]] (the soil).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To grind; to card (wool); to rub, massage; to polish; to [[m|en|whet]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[prōsubigō]]

+ * [[subactārius]]

+ * [[subāctiō]]

+ * [[subāctor]]

+ * [[subactus]]

+ * [[subigitō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[agō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}