curro Latin · revision 2933

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Naevius|origins=ine-pro *ḱers-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkʊr.roː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkur.ro]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''currō''' (present infinitive currere, perfect active cucurrī or currī, supine cursum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ An older perfect ''cecurri'' is recorded by Gellius and in an inscription.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*korse/o-|t=to run]], [[inh|ine-pro|*ḱr̥s-e/o-|t=to run]], from the root [[m|ine-pro|*ḱers-|t=to run]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The perfect [[m|la|cucurrī]] was assimilated from an older [[m|la|cecurrī]], and [[currus]] “chariot” comes from *korso- “running”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ Cognate with [[sga|carr|t=wagon]] and with the Gaulish word that Latin borrowed as [[carrus]] “wagon”,^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) with [[grc|ἐπίκουρος|tr=epíkouros|t=helper]],^(de Vaan 2008) and probably with [[en|horse]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Naevius onwards,^(de Vaan 2008) who uses it for sailing.^(OLD 2012) In Plautus a slave asks himself, “why don't I run home at full speed?”^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to [[m|en|run]], on foot, on horseback or by ship, and to hurry, as in Cicero's “if you are walking, run; if running, fly”.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Things moved swiftly, as a wheel, speech and verse ran smoothly, and time ran on, as in Horace.^(OLD 2012) Lines and objects were said to run or extend, and periods of time and legal conditions to run.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ With an object it meant to run a race or cross a space.^(Wiktionary) In music it described a quick passage.^(LmL) From it come [[cursus]] “a course” and [[curriculum]] “a race”.^(de Vaan 2008) It survives as Italian ''correre'', Spanish and Portuguese ''correr'' and Romanian ''curge'' “to flow”.^(Wiktionary) English ''current'', ''course'' and ''courier'' came through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses it of ships.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it for running home.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of lines that extend.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it for hurrying.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it of time and of speech.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English ''current'' and ''course'' are first recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|run]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To hurry, hasten.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To travel fast (by sea, by chariot).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(of things)'' To move swiftly, ''(of speech)'' to run smoothly.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(of time)'' To pass quickly.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To extend, run.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To continue, be in force.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(with accusative)'' To run (a race); to traverse.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[accurrō]]

+ * [[antecurrō]]

+ * [[circumcurrō]]

+ * [[concurrō]]

+ * [[currāx]]

+ * [[currus]]

+ * [[cursim]]

+ * [[cursiō]]

+ * [[cursō]]

+ * [[cursor]]

+ * [[cursōrius]]

+ * [[cursūra]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cursus]]

+ * [[curriculum]]

+ * [[en|current]]

+ * [[en|course]]

+ * [[en|courier]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}